活力海岸概念辨析及评价指标体系构建

Conceptual identification and evaluation index system for living shorelines

海岸带具有重要的生态系统服务价值,但是由于自然灾害以及人类不合理的开发利用,海岸带遭到严重侵蚀和破坏.传统的海岸硬质结构防御模式已经不足以面对不断变化的沿海条件甚至加剧海岸侵蚀,因此基于自然解决方案的“活力海岸”越来越受到人们的关注.本研究剖析了活力海岸内涵,提出了活力海岸核心要素,构建了活力海岸指标体系.采用德尔菲(Delphi)法开展2轮专家函询,通过计算专家积极性､专家权威程度､专家意见集中程度与协调系数,判断指标体系构建的可靠性;基于界值法筛选指标并结合专家意见构建活力海岸评价指标体系.活力海岸评价指标体系分为三个层次,即目标层、准则层和指标层,准则层分为“资源环境适宜性”､“资源环境可持续性”、“生态韧性”、“社会经济支撑性”4类,指标层包括一级指标13项和二级指标36项.活力海岸的核心特征是“基于自然元素”,通过采用自然材料或自然与人工材料相结合的技术保护、恢复和增强海岸带自然栖息地,最终促使海岸带资源环境条件和经济社会发展达到可持续发展的状态.我国目前活力海岸相关研究较少,本研究构建的活力海岸评价指标体系一定程度上填补了活力海岸管理模式的空白.

The coastal zone has an important ecosystem value,but it has been seriously eroded and destroyed due to natural disasters and unreasonable exploitation by human beings.And the traditional coastal hard-structure defense models are no longer enough to face the changes of coastal conditions and even can exacerbate coastal erosion.Therefore,the"living shorelines"based on natural solutions is getting more and more attention.In this study,the main implications of the"living shorelines"was analyzed,the core elements of the"living shorelines"was proposed,and the evaluation index system for living shorelines was constructed.The Delphi method was used to carry out 2 rounds of expert consultation.The reliability of the index system was judged by calculating the enthusiasm degree of experts,the authority degree of experts,the concentration degree of expert opinions and the coordination coefficient.The index system was screened by the critical value method combined with the expert opinions,then the evaluation index system of living shorelines was constructed.The index system was divided into three levels,namely the target layer,the criterion layer and the indicator layer.At the criterion level,four categories were set as"resource and environment suitability","resource and environment sustainability","ecological resilience"and"social and economic support ability".The index layer included 13 first-grade indicators and 36 second-grade indicators.Our study produced that the core feature of living shorelines was"based on natural elements",through the use of natural materials or natural and artificial materials combined technology to protect,restore and enhance the natural habitat of the coastal zone,and ultimately promote the sustainable development of resource-environmental conditions and socio-economic status.At present,there are few studies on living shorelines and the study on the evaluation index system of living shorelines can partly fill the gap of the living shorelines management model.