电解煤浆制氢过程中煤阶及矿物的影响与煤结构演化研究进展

Research progress in hydrogen production from electrolytic coal slurry:Effects of coal rank and minerals,and the evolution of coal structure

电解煤浆制氢(CSE)是一种在温和条件下实现电化学制氢与煤炭低碳清洁利用的新技术。电解煤浆制氢的理论分解电压仅为0.21V,实际消耗的能量约为电解水制氢的1/3~1/2,具有能耗低、污染小,可与煤基精细化学品制备、煤岩显微组分分离等过程集成的优点,但煤转化率低、煤浆电解机理不清晰等问题仍具有极大挑战性。本文讨论了CSE机理研究现状,概述了煤阶及矿物质对CSE的电氧化活性的影响,总结了CSE过程中煤表面元素、官能团结构、煤碳骨架结构在阳极区电化学氧化的变化规律,讨论了阴极区电化学还原对煤表面润湿性、Zeta电位等煤表面性质的影响,以及阴极区添加煤浆的电还原制氢及其耦合技术,以期为CSE制氢与煤低碳清洁利用提供理论支撑。此外,本文还展望了CSE的发展方向,提出了高性能CSE电极催化材料开发及煤氧化-还原反应调控机理研究是该技术获得突破的关键。

Coal slurry electrolysis for hydrogen production(CSE)is a novel technology that enables electrochemical hydrogen production and the low-carbon clean utilization of coal under mild conditions.The theoretical decomposition voltage of hydrogen production from electrolyzed coal slurry is only 0.21V,and the actual energy consumption is about 1/3—1/2 of that of hydrogen production from electrolyzed water.This method has the advantages of low energy consumption,minimal pollution,and being integrated with the process of separating coal macerals and preparing coal-based fine chemicals.However,the challenges of low coal conversion rate and unclear mechanism of coal slurry electrolysis remain extremely daunting.This review discussed the current status of research on CSE mechanism,outlined the influence of coal rank and minerals on the electrooxidizing activity of CSE,summarized the changing rules of coal surface elements,functional group structure,and coal carbon skeleton structure during CSE in the anode zone,and expound the effects of electrochemical reduction in the cathode zone on the coal surface properties such as coal surface wettability and Zeta potential,as well as hydrogen production by electroreduction with the addition of coal slurry in the cathode zone and its coupling technology.The aim was to provide theoretical support for CSE in hydrogen production and low-carbon clean utilization of coal.In addition,this review also anticipated the future development direction of CSE and suggested that achieving a breakthrough in this technology relied on the development of high-performance electrode catalytic materials for CSE and the investigation of the regulation mechanism behind coal oxidation-reduction reactions.