文化视域下非洲传统与马克思主义的契合性论析

An analysis of the compatibility between African tradition and Marxism from the perspective of culture

历史上,非洲大陆曾深受西方殖民者的军事入侵、政治干预、经济掠夺和文化侵略。非洲社会主义是殖民统治下的非洲人民为争取国家独立和民族解放而掀起的社会主义思潮和实践。文章从“文化”的视角考察非洲传统与马克思主义的契合性,我们发现:第一,在传统村社制下,非洲人民历来就有人人平等、集体主义和追求民主的观念,这与马克思主义的共产主义理想有高度的契合性。第二,非洲传统宗教中的和谐统一思想、人本主义思想以及群体本位意识在一定程度上与马克思主义有契合之处。第三,泛非主义强调团结起来推翻殖民统治、实现非洲独立的思想,与《共产党宣言》中“全世界无产者联合起来”的口号具有高度相似性;从泛非主义思潮的兴起到泛非运动的开展,彰显了泛非主义与马克思主义相似的科学社会主义的实践导向,也反映了非洲独立后许多国家选择走社会主义道路的历史必然性。

Historically,the African continent has been deeply affected by military invasion,political interference,economic plunder and cultural aggression from Western colonialists.African socialism is a socialist trend of thought and practice that was launched by the African people under colonial rule in order to fight for national independence and liberation.From the perspective of“culture”,this paper examines the compatibility between African tradition and Marxism.It is found that first,under the traditional village community system,the African people have always had the concepts of equality,collectivism and pursuit of democracy,which are highly compatible with Marxist communist ideals.Second,the harmonious unity,humanism and group-oriented consciousness in traditional African religions have some similarities with Marxism to a certain extent.Third,Pan-Africanism emphasizes the idea of uniting to overthrow colonialism and achieve African independence,which has deep similarities with the slogan“Workers of the world,unite!”in The Communist Manifesto.From the rise of Pan-Africanism to the development of the Pan-African movement,it highlights the similar scientific socialist practice orientation of Pan-Africanism and Marxism,and also reflects the historical inevitability of many African countries choosing to take the socialist road after independence.