生态系统服务供需视角下高密度城区生态空间关键区识别与优化策略研究--以桂林市为例

Strategies of Critical Areas of Ecological Space in High-density Urban Areas from the Perspective of Ecosystem Supply and Demand--Case Study of Guilin

生态系统服务综合管理是保障城市生态安全和优化国土空间格局的重要途径。城市中心城区生态空间稀缺、生态环境压力大、居民需求多样,面临着生态系统服务供需空间分异大、生态管控复杂的问题。因此,量化城市生态系统服务供给和需求,识别生态供给与居民需求的空间分布差异,是提升生态系统服务供给效率的重要途径,也是支撑城市用地空间进行科学规划管控的关键。以桂林市中心城区为例,利用生态系统服务供需比测度城市水源涵养、降温效益、雨洪调节、碳汇服务、土壤保持、生物多样性保护和游憩服务7项生态系统服务供需水平,并基于聚类分析识别了5类生态系统服务供需簇,耦合供需匹配与失衡区、生态保护区,划定三级生态保护与管控区和两类生态修复与功能提升区。依据分区的生态本底特点、分区内各类服务供需水平等,提出分级分类的管控指引和优化策略,以期为城市生态空间的规划与管理提供参考。

Integrated management of ecosystem services is an important way to ensure urban ecological security and optimize the spatial pattern of national territory.With scarce ecological space,high pressure on ecological environment,and diverse needs of residents,the central urban area was confronted with a strong spatial differentiation between the supply and demand of ecosystem services and complicated ecological management.Therefore,the quantification of urban ecosystem service supply and demand,and identification of spatial distribution differences between ecological supply and residents'demand,is an important way to enhance the efficiency of ecosystem service supply,and also a key to supporting scientific planning and management of urban land use.In this study,based on ecosystem services supply-demand ratio,the supply and demand of seven ecosystem services,namely water conservation,cooling effect,rainfall regulation,carbon sequestration,soil conservation,biodiversity protection,and recreation,in the central urban area of Guilin were measured as an example.The supply-demand bundles of ecosystem services were identified by cluster analysis.Coupling supply-demand matching and imbalance zones and ecological protection zones,and three levels of ecological conservation zones and two types of restoration zones are delineated.Based on the zones of ecological characteristics and the supply-demand of ecosystem services,the grading and classification management and control guidelines were proposed.This study can provide a reference for urban planning and management of ecological space.