基于四素同构的哈尼族传统村落声景特征及保护策略--以阿者科为例

Soundscape Features and Conservation Strategies of Hani Traditional Villages Based on the Integrated Four-fold System:A Case Study in Azheke

哈尼族传统村落因其独特的文化和生态布局,声景资源丰富且特色鲜明,但缺乏系统性研究。以“森林-村寨-梯田-水系”四素同构的哈尼族传统村落阿者科为例,对四素空间的声环境进行主客观评价分析。发现多数空间的声压级在50dBA左右,且以低频为主。村落以水为径,串联起自然生态,水声还能为游客提供较高的情绪价值;文化与自然空间相互作用后的声景舒适度为最高;村民生长于斯,赋予了村落丰富的声景资源。最后提出了3个声景保护策略,即保护村落的原真性,实现特色声景的有机呈现;促进生态保护与水源保育的正向循环,构建自然和谐的声景;激活人的活态属性,延续村落空间的声景活力。

Due to the unique culture and ecological layout,Hani traditional villages have rich soundscape resources and distinctive features,but lack of systematic research.This paper takes Azhike,a traditional Hani village with an integrated four-fold system of forests,water supply,terraces and houses,as an example to evaluate and analyze the acoustic environment of the four-fold spaces subjectively and objectively.It is found that the sound pressure level of most spaces is around 50 dBA,and the low frequency is dominant.The village takes water as the path,connecting the natural ecology,and the water sounds can also provide tourists with high emotional value.The comfort degree of the soundscape after the interaction of cultural and natural space is the highest.The villagers take root here,giving the village rich soundscape resources.In the end,three major soundscape conservation strategies are put forward,namely,to protect the authenticity of the village and achieve the organic presentation of the characteristic soundscape,to promote the positive cycle of ecological protection and water conservation and build a natural and harmonious soundscape,and to activate the living attributes of people and continue the vitality of the village soundscape.