圆明三园进出水口探析

Analysis of the Water Inlets and Outlets of Yuanmingyuan

圆明三园作为京西海淀山水御园,河网密布,水系勾连,引玉泉山水、万泉河水入园,辅以自有泉水,遂有河湖溪渠,山泉瀑布之胜景。三园周边环绕护园河,外围河水通过水闸、涵洞、暗沟等流入三园,主水自藻园门东进水闸而入,自长春园东墙出水闸闸、七孔闸、绮春园东墙二孔闸、五孔闸出,合“西北为首,东南为尾”之势。由样式雷图及文献可见,三园进出水口数量约30处,起到进水、出水、沟通水系、连接园区的作用,三园进水、出水呈现出相似而又不同的规律。

As the Imperial Garden of Haidian Landscape in West Beijing,Yuanmingyuan has a dense river network that leads water from Yuquan Mountain and Wanquan River into the park,supplemented by its own spring water,and then there are rivers,lakes and canals,and mountain springs and waterfalls.The garden is surrounded by the moat river,and the water from the outer rivers flows into Yuanmingyuan through sluices,culverts,ditches,etc.The main water enters from the east entrance gate of Zaoyuan Gate,flows out of the one-hole gate and seven-hole gate of the east wall of Changchun Garden,the two-hole gate and the five-hole gate of the east wall of Qichun Garden finally,just in line with the trend of"northwest is the head,and southeast is the end".It can be seen from the Yangshilei archives and documents that the number of water inlets and outlets of Yuanmingyuan park is nearly 30,which plays the role of water intake,water outlet,communication water system,and connection of the park.