欧盟实施碳关税政策对我国的影响及应对建议

The Influence of EU Carbon Tariffs Policy on China and Its Suggestions

全球首个碳关税政策欧盟《碳边境调节机制(CBAM)法案》于2023年5月完成立法正式通过,由于其对发展中国家将产生较大影响,在2023年底召开的COP28会议上,欧盟碳关税成为热议话题之一,并受到巴西、非洲、中国、印度等多个国家和地区的抵制。对我国而言,欧盟碳关税的影响主要表现为三个层次:在宏观层面,将形成绿色贸易壁垒,倒逼我国加速完善碳定价机制;在中观层面,将制约我国钢铁和铝产品出口,对我国能源改革和绿色发展提出更高要求;在微观层面,我国企业外销成本将有所增加,碳信息披露要求下信息安全面临挑战。对此,建议我国应健全国内碳交易市场,不断完善碳定价机制;探索科学合理的碳税政策,稳慎推进国内碳税制度;持续推动产业转型升级,大力发展新质生产力;提高高碳企业碳管理能力,减轻碳关税对企业的影响力度。

The world's first carbon tariff policy:The EU Carbon Border Regulation Mechanism(CBAM)Act was officially passed in May 2023.However,due to its great impact on developing countries,the EU carbon tariff became one of the hot topics at the cop 28 conference held at the end of 2023,and was boycotted by Brazil,Africa,China,India and other countries and regions.For China,the impact of EU carbon tariff is mainly manifested in three levels:at the macro level,green trade barriers will be formed and China will accelerate the improvement of carbon pricing mechanism;at the medium level,the export of steel and aluminum products will be restricted for energy reform and green development;at the micro level,the export cost of Chinese enterprises will increase,and information security is challenged under the requirement of carbon information disclosure.In this regard,it is suggested that China should improve the domestic carbon trading market,constantly improve the carbon pricing mechanism;explore scientific and reasonable carbon tax policy,and promote the domestic carbon tax system carefully;continuously promote industrial transformation and upgrading,vigorously develop new quality productivity;improve the carbon management ability of high carbon enterprises,and reduce the impact of carbon tariff on enterprises.