我国城商行净息差与资产负债管理研究

Research on Net Interest Margin and Asset Liability Management of Urban Commercial Banks in China

近年来,受资产负债两端挤压影响,我国银行业净息差持续收窄,盈利能力承压,城商行受到的冲击尤为明显。2023年12月末城商行净息差已跌至1.57%,在各类银行机构中处于最低水平,“稳息差”已成为城商行资产负债管理的重点。系统梳理银行净息差的变化趋势和影响机理,运用面板数据模型检验17家上市城商行净息差变动的影响因素。结果显示:银行定价竞争力、资产负债结构、业务规模和资产质量等是影响城商行净息差变动的主要因素。为了“稳息差”,建议城商行从“提高资产配置效率、加强负债成本管理、完善利率自律管理、提升综合服务水平和强化金融科技赋能”等五方面着手,有效构筑净息差“护城河”,进一步提升服务实体经济的持续性和有效性。

In recent years,affected by the squeeze on both ends of assets and liabilities,the net interest margin of China's banking industry has continued to narrow,and the profitability has been under pressure,the impact on urban commercial banks is particularly obvious.At the end of December 2023,the net interest margin of China's urban commercial banks has dropped to 1.57%,which is at the lowest level among all types of banking institutions,and“stabilizing interest margins”has become the focus of asset and liability management of urban commercial banks.This paper systematically sorts out the trend and influencing mechanism of banks net interest margin,and uses the panel data model to test the influencing factors of net interest margin changes of 17 listed urban commercial banks.the results show that the pricing competitiveness,asset-liability structure,business scale and asset quality of banks are the main factors affecting the changes in net interest margin of urban commercial banks.To stabilize interest margin,it is suggested that urban commercial banks effectively build a“moat”for net interest margin and further improve the sustainability and effectiveness of serving the real economy by starting with the following five aspects:improving asset allocation efficiency,strengthening liability cost management,perfecting interest rate self-regulation management,elevating the level of comprehensive services,and strengthening the empowerment of financial technology.