冠状动脉支架植入术后患者运动恐惧现状及其影响因素分析

Current status and influencing factors of exercise fear in patients after coronary artery stent implantation

目的探讨冠状动脉支架植入术(CASI)后患者运动恐惧现状及其影响因素。方法选择2022年4月至2023年4月在该院行CASI术治疗的80例冠心病患者,采用心脏病患者运动恐惧量表(TSK-SV Heart)、一般资料调查表、运动锻炼自我效能感量表、锻炼社会支持量表、视觉模拟评分法(VAS)实施问卷调查,调查CASI术后患者运动恐惧现状并分析其影响因素。结果CASI术后患者TSK-SV Heart总分为(40.22±4.72)分。单因素分析显示,患者文化程度、年龄、CASI术后时间、支架植入总数与其CASI术后发生运动恐惧有关,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);患者性别、吸烟史、家庭人均月收入、婚姻状况、NYHA心功能分级、近1周存在久坐行为与其CASI术后发生运动恐惧无关,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);锻炼社会支持、运动锻炼自我效能与运动恐惧呈负相关(P<0.05),疼痛程度与运动恐惧呈正相关(P<0.05)。经多因素分析显示,文化程度低、年龄大、CASI术后时间短、近1周存在久坐行为、锻炼社会支持与运动锻炼自我效能水平低、疼痛程度重是影响CASI术后患者运动恐惧的高危因素(P<0.05)。结论CASI后患者运动恐惧水平偏高,年龄大、受教育程度低、CASI术后时间短、支架植入总数多、锻炼社会支持与运动锻炼自我效能水平低、疼痛程度重者易产生运动恐惧。

Objective To explore the status of exercise fear in patients after coronary artery stent implantation(CASI)and its influencing factors.Methods A total of 80 patients with coronary heart disease who underwent CASI treatment at the hospital from April 2022 to April 2023 were selected.The study used the Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia-Short Version Heart(TSK-SV Heart),general information questionnaire,exercise self-efficacy scale,exercise social support scale,and Visual Analog Scale(VAS)to investigate the status of exercise fear and its influencing factors in patients after CASI.Results The total TSK-SV Heart score for patients after CASI was(40.22±4.72)points.Univariate analysis showed that patients′education level,age,time after CASI,and total number of stents implanted were related to the occurrence of exercise fear after CASI,with statistically significant differences(P<0.05).Patients′gender,smoking history,average monthly household income,marital status,NYHA classification and sedentary behavior in the past week were not related to exercise fear after CASI,with no statistically significant differences(P>0.05).CASI exercise social support and exercise self-efficacy were negatively correlated with exercise fear(P<0.05),while pain intensity was positively correlated with exercise fear(P<0.05).Multivariate analysis showed that low education level,older age,short time after CASI,sedentary behavior in the past week,low levels of exercise social support and exercise self-efficacy,and severe pain were high-risk factors influencing exercise fear after CASI(P<0.05).Conclusion The level of exercise fear is high in patients after CASI,especially in those who are older,have a lower education level,a shorter time after CASI,a higher total number of stents implanted,lower levels of exercise social support and exercise self-efficacy,and experience severe pain.