清代水利治理与地域社会的发展--以川西平原为例

Water Conservancy Governance and Regional Social Development in the Qing Dynasty:A Case Study of Western Sichuan Plain

清初都江堰渠系恢复以后,水利治理逐渐成为维系地方社会秩序的要务。官方政府在川西平原水利修筑事务中起到了主导性的作用,都江堰的治理模式奠定了川西平原“一体化”水利治理体系的基本格局,并形成了多方协作式岁修与官督民办式管理的水利治理特征。这种水利治理模式对川西平原地域社会的发展产生了深远影响,渠系的开发与河道的治理极大地推动了区域经济的发展;地方水利治理上,堰渠事务的分工与合作也不断协调着州县之间的关系;基层民堰管理上,堰长“中介人”的身份强化着官民之间的互动;于民而言,水利治理成为整合移民社会秩序的重要契机。

After the restoration of Dujiangyan canal system in the early Qing Dynasty,water conservancy management gradually became an important matter to maintain local community's order.The official government plays a leading role in the water conservancy construction in the West Sichuan Plain.The governance mode of Dujiangyan has laid the basic pattern of the“integrated”water conservancy management system in the West Sichuan Plain and formed the characteristics of multi-party cooperative annual maintenance featuring with government-supervised and private-run management.This water conservancy governance mode has a profound impact on local society,and the development of canal system and river channel management promotes the regional economy.In the local water conservancy governance,the division of labor and cooperation of weir and canal affairs also constantly coordinate the relationship between states and counties.In the civil weir management,weir director,serves as an“intermediary”,also strengthens the interaction between officials and the public.For the residents,water conservancy management has become a key to integrate the social order of immigrants.