供需视角下合肥市应急避难场所空间布局合理性研究

Rationality of Spatial Layout of Emergency Shelters in Hefei from the Perspective of Supply and Demand

以合肥主城区为例,采用高斯两步移动搜寻法等方法,评估应急避难场所“有没有”“够不够”“好不好”的情况。研究表明:(1)应急避难场所空间分布格局与区域人口空间分布具有相关性,两者均呈现“核心-边缘”的圈层式分布特征,同时在二环以内区域的应急避难场所集聚度较高。(2)各类型应急避难场所覆盖的小区样点数达1986,覆盖率为55.7%,覆盖范围主要位于二环以内区域;居民点到应急避难场所的可达性不均衡,高可达性的居住小区主要集中于一环以内和高新区东部,低可达性在一环与二环之间集聚分布。(3)各行政区的应急避难场所供给与居民的避难需求存在失衡情况,仅庐阳区应急避难场所供给服务基本满足区域内居民避难需求。(4)应急避难场所的拥挤度存在较大差异,约20%的应急避难场所拥挤度值超过3.3,尤其是一环以外与二环以内区域的应急避难场所拥挤度值较高,避难服务压力最大。

Taking the central Hefei as an example and using Gauss two-step mobile search method and other methods,the existence,sufficiency and service quality of emergency shelters were assessed.The results proved that the spatial distribution of emergency shelter was correlated with local population,characterizing the core-edge layer distribution,and the agglomeration degree of which was high within the second ring road.The number of community sampling points covered by all types of emergency shelters reached 1986,with a coverage rate of 55.7%,and the coverage area was mainly located within the second ring road of the city.The accessibility of residential、areas to emergency shelters was uneven,as high-accessibility communities mainly in the first ring road and the eastern part of the high-tech zone,while low-accessibility communities between the first and second ring roads.The supply of emergency shelters and the evacuation needs of residents were unbalance at an administrative level,and only Luyang District basically met the evacuation needs of residents.The congestion values of different emergency shelters were verified:about 20%of the emergency shelters have a congestion value of more than 3.3,and the values outside the first ring road and within the second ring road are higher,showing the greatest evacuation service pressure.