杜甫“江州妹”小考及其它

A Brief Examination of Du Fu’s“Jiangzhou Sister”and Related Matters

杜甫诗“长葛书难得,江州涕不禁”之“江州”乃指其妹,旧注以为这个“江州妹”即《乾元中寓居同谷县作歌七首》其四中提到的“韦氏妹”。然“韦氏妹”所嫁之地钟离(今安徽凤阳)距江州遥远,其《五盘》曰:“故乡有弟妹,流落随丘墟。”这个故乡的妹妹与“韦氏妹”显然并非一人,令杜甫“涕不禁”的“江州妹”应是另有其人。明确杜甫有个“江州妹”之后,便需要重新解读杜诗中的“九江”“庐山”“柴桑”等语词之涵义。杜诗旧注中此类失误不止一处。

Du Fu’s lines“Letters from Changge are rare,tears in Jiangzhou are Uncontrollable”mention“Jiangzhou”,which refers to his sister.Previous annotations have suggested that this“Jiangzhou sister”refers to the“sister Wei”mentioned in the fourth poem of his“Seven Songs Composed while Residing in Tonggu County during the Qianyuan Era”.However,the location where sister Wei resided,Zhongli(present-day Fengyang,Anhui),is far from Jiangzhou.In his poem“Wu Pan”,Du Fu wrote,“In my hometown,I have younger siblings,who are now scattered and living in ruins”.It is evident that the younger sister from his hometown is not sister Wei.Therefore,the“Jiangzhou sister”who moved Du Fu to tears must be someone else.After establishing the existence of Du Fu’s“Jiangzhou sister”,it becomes necessary to reinterpret the meanings of terms such as“Jiujiang”,“Mount Lu”,and“Chaisang”in his poems.There are numerous errors of this kind in the traditional annotations of Du Fu’s poems.