从天文到人文:“大一统”思想的时空结构

From astronomy to humanities:the spatial and temporal structure of the“Great Unity”thought

《春秋公羊传》提出的“大一统”思想,经历代发展成为中华民族凝聚与壮大的精神基质和不竭源泉。“大一统”思想的形成,与传统文化的时空观有直接关联。这表现在天文历法作为生存的基本范畴,如“太一”“天”和“历元”“正朔”等观念,构成了“大一统”思想的时空背景、权力结构、信仰底色和文化沉淀。时空结构聚化为民族特有的“一统”心理模式,不但是指引人们行动之“本”,也是规范交互模式之“元”,从而在现实上逐渐趋向于“统一”,这即是“从天文到人文”之义。“大一统”在此意义上可以说是从“大一”到“一统”的时空与文化整合。

The“Great Unity”thought proposed in the Spring and Autumn Annals of Gongyang has devel-oped into the spiritual matrix and inexhaustible source for the cohesion and growth of the Chinese nation over time.The formation of the concept of“Great Unity”is directly related to the spatiotemporal perspec-tive of traditional culture.This is reflected in the astronomical calendar as a fundamental category of sur-vival,such as“Tai Yi”,“Tian”,“Li Yuan”,and“Zheng Shuo”,which constitute the temporal and spa-tial background,power structure,belief background,and cultural precipitation of the“Great Unity”thought.The aggregation of temporal and spatial structures into a unique“unified”psychological pattern of the nation is the“foundation”to guide people’s actions and the“element”of standardized interaction patterns,gradually tending towards“unity”in reality,Which means being“from astronomy to humani-ties”.In this sense,“Great Unity”can be said to be the integration of time,space,and culture from“unity”to“unification”.