基于遗传算法的吸波材料P波段电磁参数的计算与优化

Calculation and optimization of P-band electromagnetic parameters of absorbing materials based on genetic algorithm

针对吸波材料P波段电磁参数准确测试存在困难的问题,本研究基于吸波材料反射率计算理论模型中电磁参数与反射率的关系,利用遗传算法不断调整磁性材料的电磁参数,直到磁性材料反射率的计算值与测试值相吻合。探究遗传算法中种群数量、变异概率以及迭代次数对电磁参数求解的影响。结果表明,设定未知解的上下限为(0,100),种群数量为1000~2000,迭代次数为100,变异概率为0.1,可以兼顾求解速度和准确性。将4种不同厚度磁性材料的反射率的测试值与计算值的差值求和,进行指数化处理,作为目标函数,并参考前后频点的电磁性能,得到误差最小且相对稳定的一组解即为磁性材料的电磁参数。最后制作磁性材料石墨烯平板样件进行实验验证,结果表明:反射率计算值与测试值的误差由初始的58.8%降为7.5%。计算值与测试值相吻合,验证了该电磁参数计算优化方法的可行性和有效性。

In view of the difficulty of accurate measurement of P-band electromagnetic parameters of wave-absorbing materials,this study was based on the relationship between electromagnetic parameters and reflectance in the theoretical model of reflectance calculation of wave-absorbing materials,and used genetic algorithm to continuously adjust the electromagnetic parameters of magnetic materials until the calculated values of magnetic reflectance were consistent with the measured values.The effects of population size,mutation probability,and iteration number on electromagnetic parameter solving in genetic algorithms were explored.It was found that setting upper and lower limits of(0,100)for unknown solutions,population size of 1000-2000,iteration number of 100,and mutation probability of 0.1 can balance the solution speed and accuracy.The difference between the measured and calculated reflectivity values of four different thicknesses of magnetic materials was summed up,and exponential processing was performed to get the objective function.Referring to the electromagnetic performance of the front and rear frequency points,the electromagnetic parameters with the smallest error and relatively stable set of solutions could be obtained.Finally,a new sample including magnetic film and graphene was made for experimental verification.The results show that the error between the calculated value of reflectivity and the measured value decreases from 58.8%to 7.5%,which can verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the optimization method of electromagnetic parameter.