中日近代词汇环流个例研究——“神经”词义的演变及身份认定

Case Study of Lexical Circulation in Modern Chinese-Japanese——The Evolution of the Meaning of"Shenjing"and Its Identification

综合利用语料库、报刊数据库、词典等资料,可以明晰“神经”一词在中日两国间演变和环流的词汇史,辨析其古今各义的出处,对“日语借词”的身份进行认定。该研究得出以下结论。“神经”一词于1889年通过《申报》传入中国,但并未得到广泛认可,1908年颜惠庆译《英华大辞典》参考了英和辞典中对于日源新词的对译,继中国前代各双语词典之后首次将“神经”一词编入辞典对译英语词nerve。经认定“神经”一词极有可能为日语借词,该词现代释义主要源自日本,古代释义及部分现代释义源自中国。对于该词“日语借词”身份的最终认定仍有待今后针对词汇传入、成立、固定的动态过程进行深入调查。

By comprehensive use of corpus,newspaper database,dictionary and other materials,we can clarify the lexical history of the evolution and circulation of the word"Shenjing"between China and Japan,distinguish the sources of its ancient and modern meanings,and identify its identity as"Japanese loanword".The study draws the following conclusions.The word"Shenjing"was introduced into China in 1889 through Shenbao,but it was not widely recognized.In 1908,Yan Huiqing translated Yinghua Dictionary by referring to the translation of Japanese neoglyms in the Yinghe dictionary,and it was the first time that the word"Shenjing"was compiled into the dictionary to translate the English word nerve after the previous generation of bilingual dictionaries in China.It has been determined that the word"Shenjing"is most likely a Japanese loanword,and the modern definition of the word is mainly from Japan,and the ancient and some modern definitions are from China.The final identification of the identity of the word"Japanese loanword"remains to be further investigated on the dynamic process of vocabulary introduction,establishment and fixation.