不同季秸秆还田对冬小麦不同穗粒位结实粒数和粒重的影响

Effects of Different Seasons of Straw Returning on the Number of Grain Setting and Grain Weight of Winter Wheat at Different Spike Levels

为探讨安徽淮北平原砂姜黑土区长期秸秆连续全量还田对冬小麦穗部结实特性的影响,2021-2022年基于农业农村部华东地区作物栽培科学观测站13年的长期定位试验,比较分析了小麦单季秸秆全量粉碎覆盖还田(T1)、小麦玉米秸秆全量粉碎还田(T2)、玉米秸秆全量粉碎翻埋还田(T3)、小麦玉米秸秆全年不还田(CK)4个不同还田模式下小麦不同小穗位结实粒数及粒重的差异。结果表明,T1、T2、T3处理的主茎穗小穗结实总粒数较CK分别提高了21.21%、7.50%和12.55%;第2粒位(G2)结实粒数分别提高了7.71%、7.71%和5.79%;上部小穗结实粒数分别提高了51.41%、22.79%和31.36%,其G2结实粒数分别提高了30.95%、30.95%和23.09%,其中T1处理对小麦粒数的提升效果最好。不同季秸秆还田处理下小麦主茎穗及其G2粒重、分蘖穗及其第三粒位(G3)粒重均高于CK,T1、T2和T3处理的主茎穗粒重增幅分别为16.06%、4.14%和16.06%,分蘖穗增幅分别为9.86%、0.71%和8.87%;T1、T2和T3处理下主茎穗G2粒重增幅分别为20.69%、10.34%和17.24%,分蘖穗G3粒重4.55%、2.27%和6.82%,其中T1处理对粒重提升效果最好,其次是T3。综合来看,在安徽淮北平原砂姜黑土区长期秸秆还田能够提高小麦穗粒数和粒重,进而促进产量提升,其中T1处理对小麦结实粒数和粒重的提升效果最好,是适宜在该地区推广的秸秆还田模式。

In order to investigate the effects of long-term continuous full straw returning to the field in the Huabei Plain lime concretion black soil area of Anhui Province on the grain setting characteristics of winter wheat,four different models were set up from 2021-2022 based on 13 years of long-term positioning experiments at the Crop Cultivation Observatory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs in East China,including wheat single-season full straw crushing and mulching(T1),wheat and maize full straw crushing and returning to the field(T2),maize full straw crushing and burying and returning to the field(T3)and no straw returning to the field throughout the year(CK)to explore the effects of long-term continuous full straw returning on the number of grains and grain weight at different spikelets of wheat.The results showed that T1,T2,and T3 treatments increased the total number of grains per spike in the main stem by 21.21%,7.50%,and 12.55%,respectively,compared to CK treatments.The number of grains in the second grain position(G2)was increased by 7.71%,7.71%,and 5.79%,respectively.The number of grains setting in the upper spikelets was increased by 57.23%,10.75%,and 32.15%,respectively,and the number of grains setting in G2 was increased by 30.95%,30.95%,and 23.09%,respectively.Among them,T1 treatment had the best effect on improving the number of wheat grains.Under different straw returning treatments in different seasons,the grain weight of wheat main stem and its G2,tillering ear and its third grain position(G3)were higher than CK.The grain weight of main stem and ear in T1,T2,and T3 treatments were increased by 16.06%,4.14%,and 16.06%,respectively,and the increase rate of tillering ear was 9.86%,0.71%,and 8.87%,respectively.Under T1,T2,and T3 treatments,the increase rate in grain weight of G2 in the main stem was 20.69%,10.34%,and 17.24%,respectively,while that of G3 in tillering was 4.55%,2.27%,and 6.82%.Among them,T1 treatment had the best effect on improving grain weight,followed by T3 treatment.Overall,long-term straw returning to the field The results showed that T1,T2,and T3 treatments increased the total number of grains per spike in the main stem by 21.21%,7.50%,and 12.55%,respectively,compared to CK treatments;The number of grains in G2 increased by 7.71%,7.71%,and 5.79%,respectively;The number of grains set in the upper spikelets increased by 51.41%,22.79%,and 31.36%,respectively,and the number of grains set in G2 increased by 30.95%,30.95%,and 23.09%,respectively.Among them,T1 treatment had the best effect on improving the number of wheat grains.Under different straw returning treatments in different seasons,the grain weight of wheat main stem and its G2,tillering ear and its G3 were higher than CK.The grain weight increase of main stem and ear in T1,T2,and T3 treatments were 16.06%,4.14%,and 16.06%,respectively,and the increase of tillering ear was 9.86%,0.71%,and 8.87%,respectively;Under T1,T2,and T3 treatments,the increase in grain weight of G2 in the main stem was 20.69%,10.34%,and 17.24%,respectively,while that of G3 in tillering was 4.55%,2.27%,and 6.82%.Among them,T1 treatment had the best effect on improving grain weight,followed by T3 treatment.Overall,long-term straw returning to the field in the lime concretion black soil area of the Huaibei Plain in Anhui Province can increase the number and weight of wheat grains per ear,thereby promoting yield improvement.Among them,T1 treatment had the best effect on improving the number and weight of wheat grains,making it a suitable straw returning model for promotion in the region.