太行山南麓鱼鳞坑坡面产流特征及其影响因素

Characteristics of Runoff and Its Influencing Factors on Fish-scale Pit Slopes in Southern Foothills of Taihang Mountains

[目的]通过研究太行山南麓鱼鳞坑坡面土壤产流特征,探讨其影响因素,为该区水土流失治理及生态环境保护提供科学依据。[方法]以太行山南麓鱼鳞坑坡和自然荒坡为研究对象,测定草本、灌木、乔木群落下坡面产流特征并分析其影响因素,运用地理探测器统计学方法量化各因素单独和交互作用对坡面产流的影响力。[结果]①鱼鳞坑坡草本、灌木、乔木群落的平均径流深之间没有显著性差异,自然荒坡灌木群落和草本群落的平均径流深显著大于乔木;与自然荒坡相比,鱼鳞坑坡草本群落、灌木群落、乔木群落的平均径流深分别减少了56.61%,72.80%,39.58%;平均径流深随着砾石含量的增加呈减少趋势;砾石覆盖度对坡面产流的控制作用有一个阈值,当砾石覆盖度为6%~9%时,坡面径流深最小。②太行山南麓鱼鳞坑坡面产流单因子影响力最大的是砾石覆盖度(0.31),其次是植被盖度(0.29)。③坡面产流影响因子交互作用后大多表现为非线性增强和双因子增强作用;降雨因子与非降雨因子交互后均表现为非线性增强作用。[结论]大量砾石的存在导致了太行山南麓坡面产流过程的复杂性,增加植被盖度是减少该地区鱼鳞坑坡面产流的重要措施。

[Objective]The characteristics and influencing factors of soil runoff on fish-scale pit slopes in the southern slope of the Taihang Mountains were studied in order to provide scientific basis for soil erosion control and ecological environment protection in the area.[Methods]The study focused on the fish scale pits and natural barren slopes of the southern foothills of the Taihang Mountains.The runoff characteristics on slopes having different vegetation types including herbs,shrubs,and trees were measured,and the influencing factors were determined.The geographic detector statistical method was used to quantify the individual and interactive effects of various factors on slope runoff.[Results]①There was no significant difference in the average runoff depth between herb,shrub,and tree communities on the fish scale pits.However,the average runoff depths of the shrub and herb communities on the natural barren slopes were significantly greater than that of the tree community.Compared to the natural barren slopes,the average runoff depth decreased by 56.61%,72.80%,and 39.58%in the herb,shrub,and tree communities on the fish scale pits,respectively.The average runoff depth showed a decreasing trend with increasing gravel content.The control effect of gravel coverage on slope runoff had a threshold,and the minimum slope runoff depth was observed when the gravel coverage ranged from 6%to 9%.②The single-factor influence of gravel coverage(0.31)was the highest on runoff of fish-scale pit slopes in the southern foothills of the Taihang Mountains,followed by vegetation coverage(0.29).③The interaction of slope runoff influencing factors mostly exhibited nonlinear enhancement and dual-factor enhancement effects.The interaction between rainfall and non-rainfall factors showed nonlinear enhancement effects.[Conclusion]The presence of a large amount of gravel contributed to the complexity of runoff processes on fish-scale pit slopes in the southern foothills of the Taihang Mountains.Increasing vegetation coverage is an important measure to reduce slope runoff in this region.