近地小行星材料特性对激光烧蚀驱动效率的影响试验分析

Experimental Study on Influence of Near-Earth Asteroid Material Characteristics on Laser Ablation Driving Efficiency

基于激光驱动效果和小行星材料特性密切相关的问题,针对脉冲激光对近地小行星物质的烧蚀驱动效率开展了试验研究,选用不同材质、孔隙率的类小行星试验样品,开展了冲量耦合规律测量试验。试验结果表明:在脉冲激光烧蚀的作用下,C型小行星比S型小行星具有更高的冲量耦合效率;随着小行星孔隙率的升高,冲量耦合效率降低,激光烧蚀驱动的效率下降。此外,还对激光烧蚀类小行星物质质量变化的规律进行试验,试验结果表明存在使得小行星质量烧蚀效率最佳的激光功率密度。对于需长期预警时间的威胁小行星,在烧蚀驱动偏转其轨道的同时,以最快的速率减少其质量,可进一步提升防御效率,实现防御的目的。

Based on the issues closely related to the laser driving effect and the characteristics of asteroid materials,experimental research was conducted on the ablation driving efficiency of pulsed laser on near Earth asteroid materials.Different materials and porosity of asteroid like test samples were selected to measure the impulse coupling law.The experimental results show that under the action of pulsed laser ablation,C-type asteroids have higher impulse coupling efficiency than S-type asteroids;As the porosity of asteroids increases,the efficiency of impulse coupling decreases,and the efficiency of laser ablation driving decreases.In addition,experiments were conducted on the changes in mass of laser ablated asteroid like materials,and the results showed the existence of a laser power density that maximizes the efficiency of asteroid mass ablation.For threat asteroids that require long-term warning time,reducing their mass at the fastest rate while ablating and deflecting their orbits can further improve defense efficiency and achieve defense objectives.