汉朝律法档案释读及其形成过程探究

An Exploration of the Interpretation and Formation Process of Legal Archives of the Han Dynasty

汉朝的律法档案是指两汉时期以律法为内容的档案材料,是两汉王朝立法、诉讼以及法律实践的反映。其突出的特点是以“繁法”“严刑”、重视君权为思想核心,以犯罪与刑罚为主体,辅之以行政或制度法规;主要形式包括律、令、科、比等,均形成于统治阶层。从其渊源看,汉朝的绝大部分律法档案是对秦朝法律档案的收集、编纂;可区分为王朝中央档案库和地方各级官府衙门两种保管方式;档案利用主要体现在司法令官吏的培养和普法教育宣传两个方面。汉朝的律法档案具有在继承中有新创制的特点,对现今档案事业发展仍具有可资借鉴的重要意义。

The legal archives of the Han Dynasty refer to the archives with the contents of laws and regulations in the Han Dynasty,which are the reflections of the legislation,litigation and legal practice at that time.Their prominent characteristics are taking“complicated law”,“strict punishment”and emphasis of the power of the emperor as the ideological core,crime and punishment as the main body,being supplemented by administrative or institutional regulations,taking law,imperial edict,separate regulation and exemplary cases of judgment as the main forms,which are all formed in the ruling class.In terms of their origins,most of the legal archives of the Han Dynasty are collections and compilations of the legal archives of the Qin Dynasty.Their preservation types can be divided into the central archives of the dynasty and the local government at all levels and their utilization is mainly reflected in the aspects of the cultivation of officials in charge of laws,legal education and propaganda.The legal archives of the Han Dynasty are characterized by new creations in inheritance,which is still of great significance for the development of archives nowadays.