清代前中期四川地区女性的教育途径——以清嘉庆《四川通志》为中心的考察

Educational Approaches for Women in Sichuan Region During the Early and Middle Qing Dynasty— A Study Centered on the Sichuan Tongzhi During the Jiaqing Period of the Qing Dynasty

清嘉庆年间常明、杨芳灿等修纂的《四川通志》作为一部综合性地方志,详尽记录了四川的地理、历史、文化等多方面情况,其中对于女性教育的记述虽然不多,但反映了当时四川女性教育的概貌。清代四川女性教育普遍处于边缘化状态,受限于当时的社会观念和经济条件,女性接受教育的机会极为有限,教育途径以家庭私塾教育为主,教育内容为女红、祭礼、传统美德等。部分士族家庭或有例外,会给女性提供传统家庭教育外的艺术教育,出现了一批才女。女性教育对当时社会及后世有一定的影响,具有特定的历史和性别意义。

The Sichuan Tongzhi,compiled by Chang Ming,Yang Fangcan,and others during the Jiaqing period of the Qing Dynasty,is a comprehensive local gazetteer that meticulously records various aspects of Sichuan’s geography,history,and culture,in which,although there are not many descriptions of women’s education,it does reflect the general state of women’s education in Sichuan at that time.In the Qing Dynasty,women’s education in Sichuan was generally marginalized,restricted by the social concepts and economic conditions at that time,women had very limited opportunities to receive education,and the education pathway was dominated by private family education,with the content of education being needlework,ceremonial rites,traditional virtues,and so on.Some aristocratic families,or exceptions,provided women with artistic education in addition to traditional family education,and a group of talented women emerged.Women’s education had a certain impact on society at that time and in subsequent periods,and has a specific historical and gender significance.