人体冷冻胚胎的法律属性及其处置规则

The Legal Attributes of Human Frozen Embryos and Their Disposal Rules

近年来,涉及人体冷冻胚胎的纠纷逐年上升,而我国现行立法中对人体冷冻胚胎的法律属性以及处置问题未明确规定,学术界对人体冷冻胚胎的相关问题也是各执一端,由于缺乏具体条款和系统的判决指引,法院审理案件缺少裁判依据,同案不同判的现象时有发生。以真实案例为基础,结合我国立法现状,对人体冷冻胚胎的法律属性和处置规则予以分析。应采纳人格伦理物说的观点,将人体冷冻胚胎认定为具有人格属性的伦理物,并以此为基础确定其处置规则,夫妻双方离婚的,应尊重双方的真实意思表达,并保护拒绝生育一方的权利,丈夫一方死亡的应当充分保护女方的生育权利。

In recent years,disputes involving frozen human embryos have risen year by year,while the legal attributes and disposal of frozen human embryos have not been clearly stipulated in China’s existing legislation,and academics have also held different views on issues related to frozen human embryos,and due to the lack of specific provisions and systematic guidelines for adjudication,the court lacks a basis for adjudication,and the phenomenon of different judgments on the same case occurs from time to time.Based on the real cases and in the light of the current status of China’s legislation,the legal attributes and disposal rules of frozen human embryos are analyzed.The viewpoint of the ethical object of personality should be adopted,and frozen human embryos should be identified as ethical objects with the attributes of personality,and based on this,their disposal rules should be determined,in the event of a divorce between husband and wife,the true expression of the will of both parties should be respected,and the rights of the party who refuses to procreate protected,and in the event of death of one of the husbands,the woman’s right to procreate should be adequately protected.