空间理论视域下的中国释奠在日传播与嬗变

The Spread and Evolution of Chinese Shi Dian in Japan from the Perspective of Space Theory

释奠是中国儒家学子祭奠先圣先师的重要典礼,通过遣唐使传入日本。释奠在传入日本后发生本土化嬗变,在祭祀对象、祭祀仪式等方面渐现日本神道教元素,出现了日本学者关于日本儒学所谓“正统性”与“优越性”的悖论。若由空间理论视域出发观照当代日本释奠与孔庙空间,则可发现这是一个集中了中国想象、空间规训与现实刷新功能于一体的“异托邦”空间。日本孔庙等“异托邦”空间以其“异质性”与“现实性”慰藉着出入其间的当代日本人,同时保护着不断被“同质化”侵扰的域外中国文化,维系着中国文化域外传播的基因链条。

Shi Dian was an important ceremony for Chinese Confucian students to pay homage to their teachers,and was introduced to Japan through Japanese envoys to the Tang Dynasty.After the introduction of Shi Dian into Japan,it underwent localization and transmutation,and Japanese Shinto elements gradually appeared in the objects of worship and ceremonies,which led to the the paradox of Japanese scholars about the so-called“orthodoxy”and“superiority”of Confucianism in Japan.If we observe contemporary Shi Dian and the space of Confucian Temple in Japan from the perspective of space theory,we can find that it is a“heterotopia”space that integrates the functions of Chinese imagination,space discipline and the refreshing of reality.The“heterotopia”spaces such as the Confucian Temple in Japan comfort the contemporary Japanese people with their“heterogeneity”and“reality”,and at the same time protect the Chinese culture,which is constantly being infested by“homogenization”and maintain the genetic chain of Chinese culture spreading abroad.