“圣人”与“哲学王”:孔子与柏拉图理想人格思想比较

“Sages” and “Philosopher-King”:A Comparison of Confucius and Plato’s Ideal Personality Thoughts

孔子和柏拉图是东西方哲学的奠基人物,他们分别构建了自己心目中的理想人格——“圣人”和“哲学王”。“圣人”是个人修养的最高境界,“哲学王”是拥有真知识的人。两种理想人格的相同点在于,“圣人”和“哲学王”都是国家的统治者,其意在实现的政治目标都是构建理想的和谐社会;两种理想人格的不同之处在于,“圣人”的本体论基础是“道”,“哲学王”的本体论基础是“善”的理念;“圣人”的塑造方式是“志”和“学”,“哲学王”的塑造方式是“优生学”和“回忆”。不论何种理想人格,都为后世进行人格修养和营造和谐的社会环境提供了理论基础。

Confucius and Plato were the founders of Eastern and Western philosophy,and they constructed their ideal personalities—“sages”and“philosopher-king”respectively.A“saint”is the highest level of personal cultivation,and a“philosopher-king”is a person who possesses true knowledge.The similarity between the two ideal personalities lies in the fact that both the“sage”and the“philosopher-king”are the rulers of the state,and the political goal to be achieved is to build an ideal harmonious society;the difference between the two ideal personalities is that the ontological basis of the“sage”personality is“Tao”,and the ontological basis of the“philosopher-king”personality is the idea of“goodness”;the“sage”is shaped by“zhi”and“learning”,and the“philosopher-king”is shaped by“eugenics”and“memory”.No matter what kind of ideal personality,it will provide a theoretical basis for future generations to cultivate their personality and create a harmonious social environment.