博落回提取物、金霉素及其联合添加对蛋鸡后备鸡生产性能、屠宰性能和胫骨质量的影响

Effects of Boluohui extract,chloramphenicol and their combined additives on the production performance,slaughtering performance,and tibial quality of layer reserve chickens

本试验旨在研究日粮中单独和联合添加博落回提取物、金霉素对0~17周龄蛋鸡生产性能、体重均匀度、屠宰性能和胫骨质量的影响,同时探讨博落回提取物替抗作用。选取健康1日龄海兰褐雌性雏鸡1440只,按照2×2析因设计,2个博落回提取物添加水平(不添加vs添加500 mg/kg),分别对应2个金霉素添加水平(不添加vs添加50 mg/kg)。随机分成4个处理,每个处理12个重复,每个重复30只鸡。各组分别饲喂基础日粮(Ⅰ组)、基础日粮+500 mg/kg博落回提取物(Ⅱ组)、基础日粮+50 mg/kg金霉素(Ⅲ组)、基础日粮+500 mg/kg博落回提取物和50 mg/kg金霉素(Ⅳ组)。试验期17周龄,1~7 d饲喂基础日粮,8 d开始饲喂各自的育雏期试验料,7周龄和13周龄分别开始饲喂育成前期和育成后期试验料。结果显示:(1)与对照组相比,博落回提取物组试验全期的料重比降低了2.29%(P<0.05),金霉素组以及联合添加组对生产性能各项指标均无显著影响(P>0.05);日粮添加博落回提取物提高了不同时间段以及全期的日增重和体重,但未达到显著水平(P>0.05)。(2)与对照组相比,博落回提取物组、金霉素组、联合添加组的标准差、变异系数以及屠宰性能各项指标均无显著差异(P>0.05),但是,添加博落回提取物使6、12、17周龄的标准差和变异系数分别降低了3.03%和4.70%、8.54%和7.98%、9.61%和11.62%,屠宰性能指标均有不同程度提高。(3)与Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组相比,Ⅳ组6周龄的胫骨强度显著提高(P<0.05),Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组之间无显著差异(P>0.05)。与对照组相比,博落回提取物组6、12、17周龄胫骨重和胫骨强度提高,但差异不显著(P>0.05),使胫骨重分别提高了0.35%、6.09%、0.59%,胫骨强度分别提高了11.64%、6.41%、6.71%。综上所述,日粮添加博落回提取物可以提高体重和胫骨强度,降低料重比以及鸡群体重的标准差和变异系数;金霉素和两者联合添加对生产性能、屠宰性能、胫骨质量均无明显改善作用。因此,日粮中添加博落回提取物可以用来替代抗生素改善蛋鸡后备鸡生产性能和胫骨质量。

The aim of this experiment was to investigate the effects of individual and combined supplementation of Macleaya extract and chlortetracycline in the diet on the production performance,body weight uniformity,slaughter performance,and tibia quality of 0~17 wk laying hens,simultaneously explore the anti infective effect of macleaya extract.Select 1440 healthy 1-day old Hailan brown female chicks with basically the same weight,and follow the 2×2 factorial design,with 2 levels of Macleaya extract addition(no addition vs 500 mg/kg addition),corresponding to 2 levels of chloramphenicol addition(no addition vs 50 mg/kg addition).Randomly divide into 4 treatments,each with 12 replicates and 30 chickens per replicate.Each group was fed with basic diet(group I),basic diet+500 mg/kg Macleaya extract(group II),basic diet+50 mg/kg chloramphenicol(group III),basic diet+500 mg/kg Macleaya extract,and 50 mg/kg chloramphenicol(group IV).During the experimental period of 17 weeks,the basal diet was fed from 1 to 7 days,and their respective experimental diets for the brooding period were fed starting from 8 days.At 7 weeks and 13 weeks,the experimental diets for the early and late stages of development were fed,respectively.The results showed that:(1)Compared with the control group,the feed weight ratio of the Macleaya cordata extract group decreased by 2.29%(P<0.05)during the whole test period,while the combination of chloramphenicol and chloramphenicol groups had no significant effect on various production performance indicators(P>0.05);The addition of Macleaya extract to the diet increased daily weight gain and body weight at different time periods and throughout the entire period,but did not reach a significant level(P>0.05).(2)Compared with the control group,the standard deviation,coefficient of variation,and slaughter performance indicators of the Macleaya extract group,chlortetracycline group,and combined addition group were not significantly affected.However,the addition of Macleaya cordata extract reduced the standard deviation and coefficient of variation of 6,12 and 17 weeks by 3.03%and 4.70%,8.54%and 7.98%,9.61%and 11.62%respectively,and improved the slaughter performance indicators to varying degrees.(3)Compared with group I,group II and group III,group IV significantly increased tibial strength by 6 weeks(P<0.05),while there was no significant difference between group I,group II and group III(P>0.05).Compared with the control group,the Macleaya extract group increased tibia weight and strength by 6,12 and 17 weeks,but the difference was not significant(P<0.05),resulting in an increase of 0.35%,6.09%and 0.59%in tibia weight and 11.64%,6.41%and 6.71%in tibia strength,respectively.In summary,adding Macleaya extract to the diet could improve body weight and tibial strength,reduce the feed to weight ratio,and the standard deviation and coefficient of variation of chicken body weight;The chloramphenicol group and the combined addition group showed no significant improvement in production performance,slaughter performance,and tibia quality.Therefore,adding Macleaya extract to the diet could be used as a substitute for antibiotics to improve the production performance and tibia quality of laying hens.