细胞外囊泡在口腔鳞状细胞癌诊疗中的作用

Effect of extracellular vesicles for diagnosis and therapy of oral squamous cell carcinoma

背景:细胞外囊泡在不同的生理和病理生理条件下由多种细胞类型(包括肿瘤细胞)分泌到细胞外环境中,存在着广泛的生物学信号及细胞之间的信号传导。肿瘤衍生的细胞外囊泡可能会加剧癌症的进展、存活、侵袭和促进血管生成。目的:综述细胞外囊泡在口腔鳞状细胞癌诊疗中的研究进展。方法:由第一作者在Pub Med、万方和中国知网数据库中进行文献检索,关键词为“EVs,Oral squamous cell carcinoma,Diagnosis and treatment,Biopsy,Tissue engineering”及“细胞外囊泡,口腔鳞状细胞癌,诊疗,活检,组织工程”,最终纳入63篇文献进行分析。结果与结论:(1)在口腔鳞状细胞癌唾液活检中,细胞外囊泡作为肿瘤细胞与周围微环境间的信息传递工具,携带包括可溶性蛋白、脂质、DNA和RNA在内的多种生物分子,对口腔鳞状细胞癌的进展起着至关重要的作用,这些微小囊泡不仅在肿瘤的生长和扩散中扮演着关键角色,还提供了有关肿瘤生物学特性的重要信息。(2)唾液活检作为一种非侵入性诊断方法,通过分析其中的细胞外囊泡,可以为口腔鳞状细胞癌的早期诊断和靶向治疗开辟新的可能性。(3)研究发现,细胞外囊泡内含的生物活性分子,如micro RNAs(mi RNAs)和特定蛋白质,能作为口腔鳞状细胞癌的生物标志物,提高早期诊断的准确性。细胞外囊泡中的特定蛋白质如EHD2,CAVIN1,PF4V1和CXCL7等显示了作为新型预测性生物标志物的潜力。(4)此外,文章还强调了细胞外囊泡在口腔鳞状细胞癌治疗中的应用潜力,通过工程化改造,细胞外囊泡可以作为新一代纳米级药物输送系统,增强肿瘤靶向治疗的效率和特异性。(5)未来的研究将进一步深入探索细胞外囊泡在口腔鳞状细胞癌治疗中的作用及其机制,有望改善患者的生存率和生活质量。

BACKGROUND:Extracellular vesicles are secreted into the extracellular milieu by a wide range of cell types,including tumor cells,under different physiological and pathophysiological conditions,where a wide range of biological signals and cell-to-cell signaling exists.Tumor-derived extracellular vesicles may exacerbate cancer progression,survival,invasion,and promote angiogenesis.OBJECTIVE:To review the research progress of extracellular vesicles in the diagnosis and treatment of oral squamous cell carcinoma.METHODS:Literature search was performed by the first author in Pub Med,Wan Fang,CNKI and other databases with the keywords“EVs,oral squamous cell carcinoma,diagnosis and treatment,biopsy,tissue engineering”in Chinese and English.Finally,63 articles were included for analysis.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)In oral squamous carcinoma saliva biopsies,extracellular vesicles play a crucial role in the progression of oral squamous cell carcinoma by acting as an information transfer tool between tumor cells and the surrounding microenvironment,carrying a wide range of biomolecules including soluble proteins,lipids,DNA,and RNA.These tiny vesicles not only play a key role in tumor growth and spread,but also provide important information about the biological properties of the tumor.(2)Saliva biopsy,as a non-invasive diagnostic method,can open up new possibilities for early diagnosis and targeted treatment of oral squamous cell carcinoma by analyzing the extracellular vesicles therein.(3)It has been found that bioactive molecules,such as micro RNAs(mi RNAs)and specific proteins,contained within extracellular vesicles can serve as biomarkers for oral squamous carcinoma and improve the accuracy of early diagnosis.Specific proteins in extracellular vesicles such as EHD2,CAVIN1,PF4V1,and CXCL7 show potential as novel predictive biomarkers.(4)In addition,this paper highlights the potential application of extracellular vesicles in the treatment of oral squamous carcinoma.Through engineering modifications,extracellular vesicles can serve as a new generation of nanoscale drug delivery systems to enhance the efficiency and specificity of targeted tumor therapy.(5)Future studies will further explore the effect and mechanism of extracellular vesicles in oral squamous cell carcinoma,which is expected to improve patients'survival and quality of life.