担保法视野下禁止债权让与特约的效力论

The Effectiveness of Prohibiting Assignment of Claims in the Perspective of Guarantee Law

担保人在担保合同中载入禁止让与特约的目的在于固定担保关系,避免其因债权让与受到不利影响。禁止让与特约能否突破合同相对性原则并对受让人产生法律约束力,取决于禁止让与之债权的类型以及受让人的主观状态。禁止让与的债权为金钱债权时,禁止让与特约仅在特约当事人之间具有法律约束力,担保人须向受让人承担担保责任。禁止让与的债权为非金钱债权时,应导入受让人主观状态的分析框架。担保人可以向恶意受让人主张禁止让与特约存在的事实,并拒绝向让与人及受让人承担担保责任。

The purpose of including a non-assignment clause in a guarantee contract is to solidify the guarantee relationship and avoid adverse effects on the guarantor due to the assignment of the creditor’s rights.Whether a non-assignment clause can break through the principle of contractual relativity and create legal binding force on third parties depends on the type of rights subject to non-assignment and the subjective status of the assignee.When the rights subject to non-assignment are monetary,the non-assignment clause is only legally binding between the parties to the clause,and the guarantor is obligated to the assignee.When the rights subject to non-assignment are non-monetary,an analysis framework based on the subjective status of the assignee should be applied.The guarantor can assert the existence of the non-assignment clause against malicious third parties and refuse to assume guarantee responsibilities towards both the assignor and the assignee.