增施有机肥对河西走廊设施沙质土质量及贝贝南瓜生长的影响

Effects of increasing organic fertilizer on the quality of sandy soil in Hexi Corridor and the growth of Beibei pumpkin

为了提高河西走廊设施沙质土质量,探究有机肥对贝贝南瓜的增产效应,以栗姝5号贝贝南瓜为试验材料,设置有机肥N替代化肥N,氮、磷、钾总量保持一致的6个处理,研究增施有机肥对土壤养分含量、土壤微生物数量以及贝贝南瓜光合指标、产量和品质的影响。结果表明,高配比施用有机肥相比100%化肥处理(T1)可显著提高土壤有机质含量,且贝贝南瓜整个生育期有机质含量以T5处理(80%有机肥N+20%化肥N)最高,相对其他处理提高8.36%~36.18%。适宜的有机无机肥配施相比施用100%化肥和100%有机肥,可显著提高土壤全氮含量,且对应的土壤细菌、真菌、放线菌变化在贝贝南瓜整个生育期较为平缓。在苗期和抽蔓期,土壤有效磷和速效钾含量均以100%有机肥处理(T6)最低,在坐果期和成熟期,有效磷含量以T5处理最低,速效钾含量以T4处理(60%有机肥N+40%化肥N)最低。平均单果质量、果实横径、产量均以T5处理最高,相比其他处理增产4.82%~46.68%。果实内干物质含量随有机肥施用量的增加而增加。增施一定量有机肥相比单施化肥可明显提高贝贝南瓜维生素C含量、可溶性糖含量。综上,T5处理综合表现最佳。

In order to improve the quality of sandy soil in Hexi Corridor and explore the effect of organic fertilizer on the yield increase of Beibei pumpkin,Lishu No.5 Beibei pumpkin was used as the experimental material.Six treatments were set up to replace chemical fertilizer N with organic fertilizer N,and the total amount of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium was consistent.The effects of organic fertilizer on soil nutrient content,soil microbial quantity,photosynthesis,yield and quality of Beibei pumpkin were studied.The results showed that the high ratio of organic fertilizer could significantly increase the content of soil organic matter compared with 100%chemical fertilizer treatment,and the average content of organic matter in the whole growth period of beibei pumpkin was the highest in T5 treatment,which was 8.36%-36.18%higher than other treatments.Compared with the application of 100%chemical fertilizer and 100%organic fertilizer,the suitable organic and inorganic fertilizer application can significantly increase the soil total nitrogen content,and the corresponding soil bacteria,fungi and actinomycetes change curve is more gentle in the whole growth period of pumpkin.At seedling stage and vine stage,the content of available phosphorus and available potassium in soil was the lowest with 100%organic fertilizer.The content of available phosphorus in T5 was the lowest at fruit-setting stage and maturity stage,and the content of available potassium in T4 was the lowest at fruit-setting stage and maturity stage.The average single fruit mass,fruit transverse diameter and yield of T5 treatment were the highest,which increased by 4.82%-46.68%compared with other treatments.The dry matter content in fruit increased with the increase of organic fertilizer application.Compared with the single application of chemical fertilizer,the application of a certain amount of organic fertilizer can effectively improve the vitamin C content and soluble sugar content of pumpkin.In conclusion,T5 treatment had the best comprehensive performance.