肠道菌群与微小RNA在炎症性肠病中相互作用关系研究进展

Research progress on the interaction between gut microbiota and microRNA in inflammatory bowel disease

炎症性肠病(inflammatory bowel disease,IBD)是一种慢性肠道疾病,其特征是对肠道环境因素的免疫反应失调。肠道菌群(gut microflora,GM)的失调可能导致炎症过程的发展。已有大量研究表明粪菌移植、益生菌、益生元和膳食干预等可能发挥着重塑GM及治疗疾病的潜力。微小RNA(microRNA,miRNA)参与细胞发育、增殖、凋亡等生理过程。此外,他们在炎症过程中发挥重要作用,参与促炎和抗炎途径的调节。miRNA谱的差异可能是IBD诊断工具,并作为疾病的预后标志物。miRNA与GM的关系尚未完全阐明,近期研究表明miRNA在GM的调节和诱导生态失调中的作用;反过来,菌群可以调节miRNA的表达,改善肠道稳态。因此,本综述旨在描述GM与miRNA在IBD中的相互作用,寻找潜在IBD精准靶向治疗方法。

Inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)is a chronic intestinal disorder characterized by an immune response to factors in the intestinal environment.Dysregulation of the gut microflora(GM)may lead to inflammation.Studies suggest that fecal microbiota transplantation,probiotics,prebiotics,and dietary treatments may reshape the GM and treat the disease.MicroRNAs(miRNAs)participate in physiological processes,including cell development,proliferation,and apoptosis.Additionally,miRNAs are important for inflammatory processes and play a role in regulating pro-and anti-inflammatory pathways.MiRNA profiles may serve as diagnostic and prognostic markers for IBD.The relationship between miRNAs and GM has not been fully elucidated,and recent studies have demonstrated their roles in regulating GM and inducing ecological dysbiosis.In turn,GM regulates miRNA expression and improves intestinal homeostasis.It is important to continue exploring this relationship.Therefore,the purpose of this review is to analyze the relationship between gut microbiota and miRNAs in IBD and identify possible precision-targeted therapies for IBD.