三轴磁传感器误差校准方法研究进展

Research Progress on Error Calibration Methods for Triaxial Magnetic Sensors

三轴磁传感器在实际应用中不可避免地会受到非正交误差、灵敏度不一致误差、零点偏移误差等多种干扰,若在使用前未经有效校准,将导致显著的测量误差。在对三轴磁传感器误差机理进行分析的基础上,综述了磁传感器误差校准的方法,主要分为匀强磁场和非匀强磁场校准两个方面,详细探讨了匀强磁场环境下的矢量校准和标量校准两种不同的策略,矢量校准强调对各轴分别实现校准,而标量校准则把各轴输出模值视为恒定,并分析了非匀强磁场环境下不同校准方法的原理,深入探讨了各方法可能存在的优势和不足。最后,对未来磁传感器校准的发展方向进行了展望。

In practical applications,triaxial magnetic sensors inevitably encounter various interferences such as non-orthogonal error,sensitivity inconsistency error,and zero offset error,which will lead to significant measurement errors without effective calibration before use.On the basis of analyzing mechanism of triaxial magnetic sensor errors,the methods of calibrating errors of magnetic sensors are summarized,which can be mainly categorized into two aspects:uniform magnetic field and non-uniform magnetic field calibrations.Two different strategies of vector calibration and scalar calibration under a uniform magnetic field environment are discussed in detail.Vector calibration emphasizes the calibration of each axis separately,while the scalar calibration criterion regards the output modulus of each axis as constant.The principles of different calibration methods under a non-uniform magnetic field environment are analyzed,and their possible advantages and disadvantages are discussed in depth.Finally,future directions for the development of magnetic sensor calibration are prospected.