COVID-19老年患者味觉功能障碍特点及相关危险因素的logistic回归分析

Logistic regression analysis of risk factors and characteristics of gustatory dysfunction in elderly patients with COVID-19

目的本文旨在探讨老年新型冠状病毒(COVID-19)感染者味觉功能障碍特点及相关危险因素。方法选取2022年12月至2023年8月就诊首都医科大学附属北京友谊医院口腔科的COVID-19受试者作为研究对象,以问卷星及问卷调查的方式记录感染COVID-19后味觉功能障碍的临床特点及相关情况,通过logistic回归分析方法探讨其影响因素。结果老年组味觉障碍的发生率为32.54%,中青年组达42.57%。新冠感染持续时间、发热情况、吸烟史、呼吸道症状(嗅觉功能障碍)、全身症状(肌肉、关节酸痛)、基础疾病(高血压、糖尿病、睡眠呼吸暂停综合征)等是老年感染者味觉功能障碍的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。年龄、疫苗接种情况以及心脑血管类疾病等与味觉功能改变相关性不大(P>0.05)。味觉丧失者的sQOD-NS评分显著低于正常和味觉异常者(P=0.001)。结论味觉功能障碍是COVID-19老年感染者主要的口腔临床症状之一,影响味觉功能障碍的因素很多,其危险因素包括:新冠感染持续时间、发热情况、吸烟史、嗅觉功能障碍、肌肉、关节酸痛、以及高血压、糖尿病、睡眠呼吸暂停综合征等,上述情况显著增加了COVID-19患者味觉功能障碍的风险。这些发现有助于未来对COVID-19感染的诊断、预防和治疗的研究。

Objective The objective of this study was to explore the characteristics and risk factors of taste dysfunction in elderly patients infected with novel coronavirus(COVID-19).Methods COVID-19 subjects who were admitted to the Stomatology Department of Beijing Friendship Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University from December 2022 to August 2023 were selected as research objects.The clinical characteristics and related conditions of gustatory dysfunction after COVID-19 infection were recorded by means of“Questionnaire Star”and questionnaire survey,The influencing factors were discussed by logistic regression analysis.Results The incidence of taste disturbance was 32.54%in the elderly group and 42.57%in the young and middle-aged group.The duration of COVID-19 infection,fever,smoking history,respiratory symptoms(olfaction dysfunction),systemic symptoms(muscle and joint pain),and underlying diseases(hypertension,diabetes,sleep apnea syndrome)were independent risk factors for taste dysfunction in elderly infected persons(P<0.05).Age,vaccination status and cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases had little correlation with the change of taste function(P>0.05).The sQOD-NS score in patients with taste loss was significantly lower than that in patients with normal and abnormal taste(P=0.001).Conclusion gustatory dysfunction is one of the main oral clinical symptoms of the elderly infected with COVID-19.There are many factors affecting gustatory dysfunction,and the risk factors include:Duration of COVID-19 infection,fever,smoking history,olfaction dysfunction,muscle and joint soreness,as well as high blood pressure,diabetes,and sleep apnea syndrome significantly increase the risk of taste dysfunction in COVID-19 patients.These findings contribute to future research into the diagnosis,prevention and treatment of COVID-19 infection.