文化工业批判的资本逻辑与价值重思——从《启蒙辩证法》的文化问题谈起

The Capital Logic and Value Rethinking of Cultural Industry Criticism——Starting From the Cultural Issue of“Dialectics of Enlightenment”

文化对于人的全面发展有着至关重要的作用,它关乎人的“类本质”的确证。然而,霍克海默和阿多诺等人发现“大众文化”采取了“工业化”的发展路径和模式,继而引发大众文化的种种问题。实际上,文化的问题根源不在于文化本身,文化问题的实质是时代问题,由于资本生产关系和增殖逻辑把文化的发展当成手段,在资本强势的“工具理性”的逻辑加持下必然会导致文化发展的失衡问题。但是对于资本逻辑并不能全盘否定,资本生产力的积极作用依然能“为我所用”,理清文化工业发展的正负效应,以一种总体性的辩证观点看待我国“文化产业”发展问题,社会主义文化建设才能够扬弃文化工业存在的问题,并最终建成社会主义文化强国。

Culture plays a crucial role in the comprehensive development of human beings,as it relates to the confirmation of their“human nature”.However,Hockenheim and Adorno found that“popular culture”adopted an“industrialized”development path and model,which subsequently led to various problems in popular culture.In fact,the root cause of cultural problems does not lie in culture itself.The essence of cultural problems is a problem of the times.Due to the production relations and proliferation logic of capital using cultural development as a means,under the strong“instrumental rationality”logic of capital,it will inevitably lead to the imbalance of cultural development.However,the logic of capital cannot be completely negated.The positive role of capital productivity can still be“utilized”,and the positive and negative effects of cultural industry development can be clarified.With a holistic and dialectical perspective on the development of China’s“cultural industry”,socialist cultural construction can abandon the problems in the cultural industry and ultimately build a powerful country with socialist culture.