《论犹太人问题》中人的解放思想探析

An Analysis of Man’s Emancipation Ideology in “On the Jewish Question”

马克思通过对鲍威尔处理犹太人问题方案的批判,揭示了只有将宗教批判上升至市民社会的批判才能触及人的解放。以宗教批判作为过渡,批判政治解放的限度,提出不仅要让犹太人从利己主义犹太精神中获得解脱,更要让整个市民社会之下的人完全从犹太精神中解脱出来,通过消灭私有财产和私有制进入“自由人的联合体”,使人类获得真正的解放。这一时期关于人的解放的探讨更是萌发了共产主义思想,也促使马克思由革命民主主义向共产主义过渡。

Marx criticized Powell’s plan to deal with the Jewish issue and revealed that only by elevating religious criticism to a critique of civil society can human liberation be achieved.Using religious criticism as a transition and criticizing the limits of political liberation,it is proposed to not only liberate Jews from the selfish Jewish spirit,but also to completely liberate people in the entire civil society from the Jewish spirit.By eliminating private property and entering the“union of free people”,humanity can truly achieve liberation.The exploration of human liberation during this period gave rise to communist ideas and also prompted Marx to transition from revolutionary democracy to communism.