高速公路涉路拼宽施工路段驾驶员的视觉特性

Visual characteristics of drivers in widened construction sections of highway intersection areas

为研究高速公路涉路拼宽施工作业区驾驶员的视觉行为特性,采用眼动仪、抬头显示(head-up display,HUD)等设备采集实车试验中驾驶员通过一般路段和涉路拼宽施工作业区路段的视觉参数,统计分析试验路段平均瞳孔直径变化率、单次注视持续时间和注视区域,采用回归分析曲线拟合和突变理论确定平均瞳孔直径变化率和注视持续时间的风险临界值;采用K-均值聚类算法将注视区域分为道路左侧、右侧近处、右侧远处、道路前方。结果表明:在涉路拼宽作业区,驾驶员的平均瞳孔直径变化率呈U型分布;驾驶员看到限速标志时平均瞳孔直径变化率超过风险临界值,之后平均瞳孔直径变化率逐渐降至0.13;进入上游过渡区、缓冲区及工作区,平均瞳孔直径变化率增大且维持在约0.24的较高水平;涉路拼宽作业区影响范围为警告区前184.27 m至终止区后69.98 m;进入工作区后注视区域整体偏右,注视区域变化趋势为由远及近再及远,涉路拼宽施工作业区警告区的限速标志与上游过渡区交通安全设施布置对驾驶员的影响较明显。

To study the visual behavior characteristics of drivers in the lane-widening construction zone on highways,eye trackers,head-up displays(HUD),and other devices are used to collect visual parameters of drivers passing through regular road segments and lane-widening construction zones in real vehicle tests.Statistical analysis is conducted on the average pupil diameter change rate,duration of single gaze,and gaze area in the test segments.Regression analysis curve fitting and sudden change theory are used to determine the risk threshold values of the average pupil diameter change rate and gaze duration.Using the K-means clustering algorithm,the gaze areas are classified into left side of the road,near right side,far right side,and road ahead.The results show that in the lane-widening construction zone,the average pupil diameter change rate of drivers follows a U-shaped distribution.When drivers see speed limit signs,the average pupil diameter change rate exceeds the risk threshold value,and then gradually decreases to 0.13.Upon entering the upstream transition zone,buffer zone,and work zone,the average pupil diameter change rate increases and remains at a relatively high level of about 0.24.The impact range of the lane-widening construction zone is from 184.27 m before the warning area to 69.98 m after the termination zone.After entering the work zone,the overall gaze area skews to the right,and the gaze area trend shifts from far to near and back to far.The placement of speed limit signs in the warning area and traffic safety facilities in the upstream transition zone of the lane-widening construction zone have a significant impact on drivers.