秸秆基新型道路抑尘剂的制备与应用

Preparation and application of a novel straw-based road dust suppressor

以玉米秸秆为主要原料,以复合酶(木聚糖酶、β-葡聚糖酶、纤维素酶与羧甲基纤维素钠(CMC))、淀粉、Na_(2)CO_(3)为辅料,制备了一种道路抑尘剂,采用响应面分析法优化了制备工艺,并考察了该抑尘剂对大气中PM_(2.5)和PM_(10)的去除效果。实验结果表明:4种酶对抑尘剂失水率的影响顺序为β-葡聚糖酶>木聚糖酶>CMC>纤维素酶;在木聚糖酶、β-葡聚糖酶、纤维素酶与CMC质量比2.5∶1∶15∶23.5、反应温度45℃、反应pH 4.75、淀粉与复合酶质量比1.8∶1的最佳条件下,所制得抑尘剂的黏度为48 mPa·s、表面张力为0.02 N/m、密度为1028 kg/m^(3)、失水率为2.17%;喷洒该抑尘剂后,大气中PM_(2.5)的质量浓度从75.74~114.83 mg/m^(3)降低至0.34~0.91 mg/m^(3),PM_(10)的质量浓度从49.94~74.57 mg/m^(3)降低至0.12~0.34 mg/m^(3),去除率均大于99%。

With corn straw as the main raw material and composite enzymes(xylanase,β-glucanase,cellulase,and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose(CMC)),starch,and Na_(2)CO_(3)as excipients,a road dust suppressor was prepared.Response surface analysis was used to optimize the preparation process,and the removal of the dust suppressor on PM_(2.5)and PM_(10)in the atmosphere was investigated.The experimental results show that the influence of the four enzymes on the water loss rate of dust suppressor in descending order isβ-glucanase>xylanase>CMC>cellulase.The optimal process conditions are the mass ratio of xylanase,β-glucanase,cellulase,and CMC at 2.5∶1∶15∶23.5,reaction temperature at 45℃,reaction pH of 4.75,and mass ratio of starch to composite enzymes at 1.8∶1.Under these conditions,the viscosity of the dust suppressor prepared is 48 mPa·s,the surface tension is 0.02 N/m.The density is 1028 kg/m^(3),and the water loss rate is 2.17%.After dust suppressor spraying,the mass concentration of PM_(2.5)in the atmosphere decreases from 75.74-114.83 mg/m^(3)to 0.34-0.91 mg/m^(3),and that of PM_(10)decreases from 49.94-74.57 mg/m^(3)to 0.12-0.34 mg/m^(3).The removal rates of PM_(2.5)and PM_(10)are both greater than 99%.