城市商业建筑地下车库挥发性有机物(VOCs)污染特征及健康风险评价

Pollution characteristics and health risk assessment of volatile organic compounds(VOCs)in underground garages of urban commercial buildings

为研究城市商业建筑地下车库中挥发性有机物(VOCs)的污染特征及潜在影响,在所选取盐城市3个典型商场的地下车库里进行了VOCs采样监测,获得了VOCs浓度水平、组成和日变化特征,评价了人体健康风险.观测期间,3个地下车库在9:00—13:00时间段内所有样品的总挥发性有机物(TVOCs)平均值分别为(2547.9±1595.2)μg·m^(−3)、(1376.7±122.7)μg·m^(−3)、(1689.1±93.1)μg·m^(−3);在所分析的75种VOCs中3个地下车库VOCs检出率分别为52.0%、36.0%和34.7%.各地下车库所测VOCs占前几位的组分分别为甲苯(30.5%—48.2%)、异丙醇(4.5%—27.2%)、2-丁酮(3.8%—12.4%)、甲基环戊烷(2.2%—2.8%)、苯(1.5%—2.6%)、1,2-二氯乙烷(1.7%—2.2%).VOCs日变化浓度主要与车流量有关,在11:00和21:00时刻出现浓度峰值,分别为3785.4μg·m^(−3)、8694.3μg·m^(−3).健康风险评价结果表明,3个地下车库内所监测的VOCs的非致癌风险危害指数(HI)分别为4.1、4.3和7.4,均超过了美国环境保护局推荐的最大可接受水平(HI=1);苯和乙苯的终生致癌风险因子值(Risk)分别在(1.2×10^(−4)—6.2×10^(−4))、(3.8×10^(−6)—2.5×10^(−5)),均超出了安全阈值范围(Risk≤1×10^(−6)),3个地下车库均存在一定健康风险.

To study the pollution characteristics and potential impacts of volatile organic compounds(VOCs)in underground garages of urban commercial buildings,VOCs sampling and monitoring were conducted in underground garages of three selected typical shopping malls in Yancheng to obtain the VOCs concentration levels,composition and diurnal variation characteristics,and to evaluate human health risks.During the observation period,the mean values of total volatile organic compounds(TVOCs)of all samples in the three underground garages from 9:00 to 13:00 were(2547.9±1595.2)μg·m^(−3)、(1376.7±122.7)μg·m^(−3)、(1689.1±93.1)μg·m^(−3),respectively.Among the 75 types of VOCs analyzed,the detection rates of VOCs in the three underground garages were 52.0%,36.0%and 34.7%,respectively.The top components of VOCs measured in each underground garage were toluene(30.5%—48.2%),isopropanol(4.5%—27.2%),2-butanone(3.8%—12.4%),methyl-cyclopentane(2.2%—2.8%),benzene(1.5%—2.6%),and 1,2-dichloroethane(1.7%—2.2%).The diurnal concentration of VOCs in the underground garage was mainly related to the traffic flow,with two peak concentrations of 3785.4μg·m^(−3) and 8694.3μg·m^(−3) at 11:00 and 21:00,respectively.The results of health risk evaluation showed that the non-carcinogenic risk hazard index(HI)of the VOCs monitored in the three underground garages were 4.1,4.3 and 7.4,which exceeded the maximum acceptable level(HI=1)recommended by the U.S.Environmental Protection Agency.The lifetime carcinogenic risk factors(Risk)for benzene and ethylbenzene were(1.2×10^(−4)—6.2×10^(−4))and(3.8×10^(−6)—2.5×10^(−5)),which were beyond the safety threshold range(Risk≤1×10^(−6)).Health risks existed in all three underground garages.