上海闵行区工业企业职业病危害因素情况分析

Analysis of occupational hazard factors in industrial enterprises in Minhang District of Shanghai

目的:摸清上海市闵行区职业病危害因素现状,为后续职业病监管和防治提供依据。方法:通过对从业人员5人及以上的企业法人单位、产业活动单位和其他非法人单位全覆盖调查,主要调查内部包括企业基本情况、职业病危害情况等。结果:上海市闵行区1379家工业企业中,由883家企业存在职业病危害,主要分布在颛桥镇、浦江镇、梅陇镇和江川路街道4个街镇,占全区75.20%,接触职业病危害因素人数占全区78.50%。按行业分类位于前3位的分别为通用设备制造业163家(11.82%)、专用设备制造业141家(10.22%)和纺织服装、服饰业114家(8.27%)。接触职业病危害因素从业人员比例前3位分别为化学原料和化学制品制造业(42.57%)、汽车制造业(39.39%)、纺织业(37.93%)。闵行区工业企业主要为小、微型企业(91.16%),存在职业病危害的小、微型企业占总有害企业数的86.18%,接触人数占37.12%。从接害类型方面看,接触粉尘12445人,占30.28%;接触化学毒物19012人,占46.25%;接触物理因素27295人,占66.40%。结论:在今后的职业病防治工作中,要根据辖区职业病危害因素分布特点以及行业分类、行业规模等,有的放矢、分类施策,提高防治工作效率。同时,为适应职业病防治监督执法要求,要加强职业卫生监督执法队伍建设,不断更新职业病防治执法和监督技术手段。

Objective:To find out the current situation of occupational hazard factors in Minhang District,Shanghai,and provide basis for subsequent occupational disease supervision,prevention and treatment.Methods:A full coverage survey was conducted in the employees in enterprise legal entities,industrial activity entities,and other unincorporated entities with 5 or more employees,the main internal survey included basic information about the enterprises,occupational disease hazards,etc.Results:In 1379 industrial enterprises in Minhang District,Shanghai,there were 883 enterprises with occupational disease hazards,mainly distributed in four sub-districts and towns,accounting for 75.20%of the whole district,and the number of people who exposed to occupational disease hazards accounted for 78.50%of the whole region.According to the classification of industries,the top three were 163(11.82%)general equipment manufacturing industries,141(10.22%)special equipment manufacturing industries and 114(8.27%)textile and apparel industries.The top three employees who exposed to occupational disease hazards were chemical raw materials and chemical products manufacturing(42.57%),automobile manufacturing industry(39.39%),and textile industry(37.93%).The industrial enterprises in Minhang District were mainly small and micro enterprises(91.16%),small and micro enterprises with occupational disease hazards accounted for 86.18%of the total number of harmful enterprises,and the number of contacts accounted for 37.12%.In terms of types of damage,12445 people were exposed to dust,accounting for 30.28%;19012 people were exposed to chemical poisons,accounting for 46.25%;27295 people were exposed to physical factors,accounting for 66.40%.Conclusion:In the future work of occupational disease prevention and treatment,it is necessary to target and classify policies according to the distribution characteristics of occupational disease hazard factors in the jurisdiction,as well as industry classification and industry scale,so as to improve the efficiency of prevention and treatment.At the same time,in order to meet the requirements of supervision and law enforcement on the prevention and treatment of occupational diseases,it is necessary to strengthen the construction of occupational health supervision and law enforcement teams,and constantly update the technical means of law enforcement and supervision of occupational disease prevention and control.