落叶松球蚜指名亚种瘿蚜对长白落叶松挥发物的触角电位及行为反应

Electrophysiological and Behavioral Responses of Adelges laricis laricis Gallicola to the Volatiles of Larix olgensis

为了筛选出对落叶松球蚜指名亚种(Adelges laricis laricis)瘿蚜具有引诱或驱避作用的活性挥发物,采用动态顶空吸附法收集3年生长白落叶松(Larix olgensis)枝叶挥发物,经过气相色谱-质谱联用仪(GC-MS)分析后,选取α-蒎烯、莰烯、桧烯、β-蒎烯、月桂烯、3-蒈烯、β-水芹烯、γ-松油烯、萜品油烯,以及根据文献补充的(-)-α-蒎烯、(+)-α-蒎烯、(-)-β-蒎烯3种旋光异构体,制备了7种质量浓度(1、10、10^(2)、10^(3)、10^(4)、10^(5)、10^(6)mg·L^(-1))的挥发物标准品。利用触角电位仪(EAG)测定瘿蚜触角的嗅觉感受阈值范围,再用Y型嗅觉仪明确对瘿蚜行为的活性作用。结果表明:长白落叶松挥发物中,12种单萜类化合物占据了绝大多数,相对质量分数高达98.11%。电生理试验表明,瘿蚜触角对质量浓度范围在10^(3)~10^(6)mg·L^(-1)的标准品挥发物表现出较强的电生理反应。Y形嗅觉仪行为选择试验显示,10^(4)、10^(5)、10^(6)mg·L^(-1)α-蒎烯,10^(3)mg·L^(-1)(-)-α-蒎烯,10^(4)mg·L^(-1)(+)-α-蒎烯和10^(3)mg·L^(-1)桧烯对瘿蚜有明显引诱作用(P<0.05);而10^(5)mg·L^(-1)莰烯和β-蒎烯,10^(6)mg·L^(-1)γ-松油烯,10^(5)、10^(6)mg·L^(-1)β-水芹烯,10^(4)、10^(5)、10^(6)mg·L^(-1)萜品油烯显著驱避瘿蚜(P<0.05);3-蒈烯、月桂烯和(-)-β-蒎烯对瘿蚜选择行为无显著影响。α-蒎烯、(-)-α-蒎烯、(+)-α-蒎烯和桧烯可作为瘿蚜潜在引诱剂的成分,而β-水芹烯、γ-松油烯、β-蒎烯、莰烯和萜品油烯均可作为瘿蚜潜在驱避剂的成分。

In order to screen for active volatile compounds that have either attractive or repellent effects on Adelges laricis laricis,dynamic headspace adsorption was used to collect volatile compounds from the needles and branches of 3-year-old Larix olgensis.After the volatile compounds were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS),α-pinene,camphene,sabinene,β-pinene,mycrene,3-carene,β-phellandrene,γ-terpinene,terpinolene,as well as three optical isomers((-)-α-pinene,(+)-α-pinene,and(-)-β-pinene)supplemented from the literature,were selected.Seven standard volatile compounds were prepared at mass concentrations of 1,10,10^(2),10^(3),10^(4),10^(5),10^(6)mg·L^(-1).The olfactory perception threshold range of the antennae of A.laricis laricis was measured using an electroantennogram(EAG)system,followed by determining the behavioral activity towards the gall aphids using a Y-tube olfactometer.The results showed that among the volatile compounds of L.olgensis,12 monoterpenes accounted for the vast majority,with a relative mass fraction of up to 98.11%.[JP2]The electrophysiological experiments indicated that the antennae of gall aphids exhibited strong electrophysiological responses to the standard volatile compounds with mass concentrations ranging from 10^(3) to 10^(6)mg·[JP]L^(-1).The Y-tube olfactometer behavioral selection test revealed that compounds such as 10^(4),10^(5),10^(6)mg·L^(-1)α-pinene,10^(3)mg·L^(-1)(-)-α-pinene,10^(4)mg·L^(-1)(+)-α-pinene,and 10^(3)mg·L^(-1) sabinene had a significant attractive effect on gall aphids(P<0.05),while 10^(5)mg·L^(-1) camphene andβ-pinene,10^(6)mg·L^(-1)γ-terpinene,and 10^(5),10^(6)mg·L^(-1)β-phellandrene,10^(4),10^(5),10^(6)mg·L^(-1) terpinolene showed significant repellent effects on the gall aphids(P<0.05).3-carene,mycrene,and(-)-β-pinene had no significant impact on the behavioral selection of gall aphids.α-pinene,(-)-α-pinene,(+)-α-pinene,and sabinene can potentially be used as components of an attractive lure for the gall aphids,whileβ-phellandrene,γ-terpinene,β-pinene,camphene,and terpinolene could potentially act as components of a repellent for the gall aphids.