防火幕布对盖下运用库排烟及人员疏散影响

Influence of Fire Curtain on Smoke Exhaust and Personnel Evacuation of Covered Operation Depot

以某市典型的动车车辆段上盖开发式的盖下运用库为研究对象,应用Pathfinder软件模型与PyroSim软件模型的耦合模型,以发生火灾时烟气CO体积分数、烟气温度、能见度、所需疏散时间作为指标,对盖下运用库内发生火灾位置(西部火源、中部火源、东部火源)和有无防火幕布对烟气蔓延控制以及人员疏散的影响进行模拟研究。研究结果表明:有防火幕布,西部、中部和东部3处火源分别发生火灾600 s时:有大量的烟气在盖下运用库东墙处聚集,西侧没有烟气聚集;火源附近烟气温度、烟气CO体积分数、能见度3项指标均超过人体耐受值;逃生出口处3项指标均未超出人体耐受值,人员可通过逃生出口安全疏散。中部火源发生火灾600 s时:无防火幕布时,能见度低于人体耐受值,影响人员疏散;有防火幕布时,幕布内区域能见度低于人体耐受值,影响人员疏散,幕布外区域不影响人员疏散。防火幕布抑制烟气蔓延的效果非常明显。发生火灾后,影响人员疏散最主要的因素是能见度。对所研究的10个工况,有防火幕布、无防火幕布的可用疏散时间平均值分别是600.0、367.2 s,所需疏散时间平均值分别是205.0、240.1 s,富裕时间平均值分别是395.0、127.2 s。设置防火幕布能有效缩短所需疏散时间,增加富裕时间,增加人员疏散的安全性。

Taking a typical covered highspeed train application depot in a certain city as the research object,and using the volume fraction of CO in smoke,smoke temperature,visibility and required evacuation time during a fire as indicators,the coupling model of Pathfinder software model and PyroSim software model is applied to simulate the influence of fire locations(western fire source,central fire source and eastern fire source)in the covered application depot and the presence or absence of fire curtains on smoke spread control and personnel evacuation.The results show that with a fire curtain,when the three fires in the west,central and east fire sources occur for 600 s respectively,there is a large amount of smoke gathered at the east wall of the covered application depot,while there is no smoke gathered on the west side;The three indicators of smoke temperature,CO volume fraction and visibility near the fire sources all exceed the human tolerance value;The three indicators at the escape exit do not exceed the human tolerance value,and personnel can safely evacuate through the escape exit.When a fire occurs in the central fire source for 600 s,without a fire curtain,the visibility is lower than the human tolerance value,which affects personnel evacuation;With a fire curtain,the visibility inside the curtain is lower than the human tolerance value,which affects personnel evacuation,and the personnel evacuation outside the curtain is not affected.The effect of the fire curtain on the spread of smoke is very obvious.After a fire,the most important factor affecting the personnel evacuation is visibility.For the 10 working conditions studied,the average available evacuation times with and without fire curtains are 600.0 and 367.2 seconds,respectively,the average required evacuation times are 205.0 and 240.1 seconds,and the average margin times are 395.0 and 127.2 seconds,respectively.Setting up fire curtains can effectively shorten the required evacuation time,increase margin time,and increase the safety of personnel evacuation.