铜底吹熔炼过程中Pb、Zn、As分布影响机理分析

Mechanism analysis of the influence of Pb,Zn,As distribution in the copper bottom blowing melting process

探究底吹熔炼过程中Pb、Zn、As等杂质元素在产物中的分布特征,以及熔炼参数与杂质元素分布规律的关系,对低品位、高杂质复杂铜精矿的冶炼具有重要意义。本文采用热力学计算软件Factsage理论分析与实际生产数据分析相结合的方法,探讨了Pb、Zn、As在产物中的分布特征及其影响机理,得到以下主要结论。温度升高,有利于Pb、Zn挥发进入烟尘降低其在渣和铜锍中的占比,也有利于促进渣中As向烟尘中转化脱除,但会导致As在铜锍中占比增加;渣铁硅比增加,会使得Pb、Zn在渣中分布占比逐渐降低,在铜锍和渣中占比逐渐升高,而As在渣中的占比会增加;渣中CaO含量升高,会使得Pb、Zn在渣中分布占比降低,在烟尘和铜锍中增加,As在渣中的占比会增加,在烟尘中占比降低;实际生产操作中,可通过提高冶炼温度促进部分杂质元素挥发,在适当降低渣铁硅比提高Pb、Zn脱除率的同时,可配合添加CaO促进As向渣中迁移。实际生产数据统计表明,Pb在铜锍、渣、烟尘中的分布占比分别为23.86%、33.12%、43.02%,Zn分别为4.47%、88.54%、6.99%,As分别为16.58%、15.34%、68.08%。

It is of great significance for the smelting of lowgrade and highimpurity complex copper concentrates to explore the distribution characteristics of mpurity elements Pb,Zn,Asin the products during bottomblowing melting process,as well as the relationship between the melting parameters and the distribution pattern of impurity elements.This study adopts the method of combining theoretical analysis of thermodynamic calculation software Factsage and analysis of actual production data to explore the distribution characteristics of Pb,Zn,As in the product and its influence mechanism,and obtains the following main conclusions.Increase the temperature is conducive to the volatilization of Pb,Zn into the dust to reduce its proportion in the slag and matte,and is also conducive to the promotion of As transform from slag intodust,but it will lead to an increase in the proportion of As in the matte;Increasing of Fe/SiO_(2)in salg will result in a gradual decrease in the distributionproportion of Pb and Zn in the slag and a gradual increase in the distributionproportioninmatte and slag,while the distributionproportion of As in the slag will increase.The increase of CaO content in the slag will make the distributionproportion of Pb and Zn in the slag decrease and increase in the dust and matte,the distributionproportion of As in the slag will increase and decrease in the dust.In the actual production operation,the smelting temperature can be increased to promote the volatilization of some impurity elements,in the appropriate reduction Fe/SiO_(2)of slag to improve the removal rate of Pb,Zn at the same time,with the addition of CaO to promote the transformation of As to the slag.Actual production data statistics show that the distribution of Pb in matte,slag,dust accounted for 23.86%,33.12%,43.02%,Zn were 4.47%,88.54%,6.99%,As were 16.58%,15.34%,68.08%.