重庆市丰都县植烟土壤肥力综合评价

Comprehensive evaluation of tobacco soil fertility in Fengdu County of Chongqing

土壤是烟草健康生长的基础,对丰都植烟区的土壤肥力进行检测和评价,为丰都植烟区科学施肥和土壤改良提供理论依据。采用模糊数学法和主成分分析法对丰都主要植烟区太平坝乡的土壤pH值、有机质、碱解氮、速效磷和速效钾含量进行综合评价。重庆丰都植烟土壤的碱解氮含量较为适宜,有机质、速效磷和速效钾含量极为丰富,适宜烟草生长。相比2020年,2021年土壤酸化程度得到改善,有机质、碱解氮、速效磷和速效钾含量有所提高。适宜烟草生长的土壤pH值和碱解氮含量的土壤所占比例分别增加至53.66%和78.05%,有机质含量较高的土壤比例增加到80.49%,土壤速效磷和速效钾含量均较高。土壤肥力综合评价显示丰都植烟土壤肥力状况较好,无Ⅳ级和Ⅴ级。其中,2021年土壤肥力综合评价为Ⅰ级和Ⅱ级,且Ⅰ级土壤肥力区域占比从2020年的74.29%上升至2021年的84.80%。重庆市丰都县植烟土壤适宜烟草生长,土壤养分含量较高,但部分地块酸化。在实际生产中需要注意合理施用有机肥,提高肥料的利用率,因地制宜调节土壤pH值。

Soil is the foundation of the healthy growth of tobacco,and the soil fertility of Fengdu tobacco planting area is tested and evaluated,which provides a theoretical basis for scientific fertilization and soil improvement in Fengdu tobacco planting area.Fuzzy mathematical model and principal component analysis method were used to comprehensively evaluate soil pH value,organic matter,alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen,available P and available K contents in Taipingba Township,the main tobacco planting area of Fengdu.The alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen content of Chongqing Fengdu tobacco planting soil was relatively suitable,and the content of organic matter,available P and available K was extremely rich,which was suitable for tobacco growth.Compared with 2020,the degree of soil acidification was improved in 2021,and the contents of organic matter,alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen,available P and available K were increased.The distribution frequency of plots suitable for tobacco growth has been greatly improved.Compared with 2020,the soil proportions of soil suitable pH value and alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen content increased to 53.66%and 78.05%,respectively,in 2021.The proportion of soil with higher organic matter content increased to 80.49%;The soil available P and available K content are higher than before.The comprehensive evaluation of soil fertility showed that the soil fertility of Fengdu tobacco planting was good,and there was no gradeⅣandⅤ.Among them,the comprehensive evaluation of soil fertility in 2021 was gradeⅠandⅡ,and the proportion of gradeⅠsoil fertility areas increased from 74.29%(2020)to 84.80%(2021).The soil of tobacco planting in Fengdu,Chongqing is suitable for tobacco growth,and the soil nutrient content is high,but some plots are acidic.For application,it is necessary to pay attention to the rational application of organic fertilizer,improve the utilization rate of fertilizer,and adjust soil pH value according to local conditions.