纳米硅材料对植物生长发育和环境响应的影响研究进展

Research progress on the effects of nano-silicon materials on plant growth and environmental response

纳米技术诞生于20世纪80年代,并得到了快速发展,在医药、材料、化工、能源、农业和生命科学等领域发挥了各种作用。硅是作物生长的有益营养元素,可以调控植物的生长发育、改善植物在环境胁迫下的防御功能。作为纳米材料的一种,纳米硅具有巨大的比表面积、独特的熔点、磁性、光学和导电特性。纳米硅作为肥料施用于农作物上,可促进种子萌发,提高作物光合作用,提高植物的肥料吸收率,增强植物的抗逆性。但是,由于其独特的结构和理化性质,其尺寸、浓度、表面修饰、应用介质、作用时间和物种的差异可能会对植物产生不同的影响。总结纳米硅对作物生长发育和抗逆性的影响及其调控机制,可为评估纳米硅的环境和生态风险、开发利用纳米硅肥料提供重要的指导。文章总结了最近几年国内外纳米硅在植物上的研究进展,包括纳米硅在植物体内的吸收途径和转运过程、纳米硅对植物生长发育和环境响应的影响,以及纳米硅作为肥料的应用潜力。

Nanotechnology was born in the 1980s and has developed rapidly ever since.It has played various roles in medicine,materials,chemicals,energy,agriculture,and life sciences.Silicon is one of the beneficial elements in plant growth and plays an important role in regulating plant growth and development and improving plant biological and abiotic defense.As a kind of nanomaterials,nano silicon has huge specific surface area,unique melting point,magnetic,optical,and conductive properties.The application of nano silicon as fertilizer on crops can promote seed germination and plant photosynthesis,improve fertilizer absorption,and enhance the resistance of plants.However,due to its unique structural and physicochemical properties,its size,concentration,surface modification,application medium,exposure time and species differences may have different effects on plants.Studying the effects of nano silicon materials on plant growth and environmental response and their mechanisms can help us assess the environmental and ecological risks of nano silicon materials and develop new nano silicon fertilizers.In this paper,the interactions between nano silicon materials and plants at home and abroad in recent years,including the absorption and transport of nano silicon by plants,the impact of nano silicon materials on plant growth and development and environmental response,and the potential application of nano silicon as fertilizer,were summarized.