我国PFOS/PFOSF环境管理现状及其废物污染防治对策研究

Status quo of PFOS/PFOSF environmental management and the countermeasures of waste pollution control in China

全氟辛基磺酸及其盐类(PFOS)和全氟辛基磺酰氟(PFOSF)是典型新污染物,在环境中具有极强的持久性,并且具有生物蓄积性、高毒性和长距离迁移等特性。文章对我国PFOS/PFOSF环境管理现有法规政策、部门规章、标准体系等制度进行了系统梳理,指出了我国PFOS/PFOSF废物存在底数不清、标准体系不健全、制度不完善、处置示范滞后等监管短板。针对上述监管短板,文章提出了我国PFOS/PFOSF废物的污染防治建议,包括识别PFOS/PFOSF废物,建立PFOS/PFOSF废物清单;完善标准体系,提升PFOS/PFOSF废物监管能力;完善危险废物管理体系,精准管控PFOS/PFOSF废物;加快技术应用示范,推进PFOS/PFOSF废物无害化处置。以期为我国PFOS/PFOSF废物的有效监管提供一定的技术支撑,为推进我国新污染物治理提供技术参考。

The PFOS/PFOSF are typical emerging pollutants with high persistence in the environment,as well as characteristics such as bioaccumulation,high toxicity,and long-range transport.Based on the existing laws and regulations,departmental regulations and standard system for PFOS/PFOSF environmental management in China,the main weak points of PFOS/PFOSF waste supervision and management in China,including unclear waste base number,imperfect standard system and management system and insufficient validation of harmless disposal technology were analyzed.Given the above shortcomings,some suggestions for pollution control of PFOS/PFOSF waste were put forward,including identifying PFOS/PFOSF waste and establishing PFOS/PFOSF waste list,improving the standard system to enhance regulatory capacity,refining the hazardous waste management system for precise control of PFOS/PFOSF waste,and accelerating the application of technology to promote the harmless disposal of PFOS/PFOSF waste.The aim is to provide some technical support for the effective supervision of PFOS/PFOSF waste and provide technical reference for the promotion of the treatment of new pollutants in China.