危险废物焚烧管理与处置现状

Current situation of hazardous waste incineration management and disposal

随着危险废物管理迈入“全面提升”阶段,焚烧处置作为关键处置技术之一,专业化、规范化的管理尤为重要。文章先从立法与管理层面梳理相关法规、制度与标准规范,明晰危险废物焚烧管理现状。再以行业处置现状为切入点,绘制全国危险废物焚烧企业数量及负荷分布图,解析行业实际发展内况。然后,比较现有焚烧技术,结合工艺流程中二次危险废物产生节点,以最常见的“回转窑”为例,在配伍管理方面设计准则欠缺,区域间配伍情况存在差异,缺少龙头企业;整体焚烧处理过程重心偏后,缺少对后端焚烧废气排放的关注;焚烧飞灰处理技术上存在短板。建议完善政策体系,优化焚烧设施布局,鼓励技术创新。

With hazardous waste management entering the stage of"comprehensive improvement",incineration disposal as one of the key disposal technologies,professional and standardized management is particularly important.Relevant laws,regulations and standards from the level of legislation and management were sorted out and the status quo of hazardous waste incineration management was clarified.Taking the current situation of industry disposal as the starting point,the number and load distribution of hazardous waste incineration enterprises in the country were drawn,and the actual development situation of the industry was analyzed.Comparing the existing incineration technology,combined with the secondary hazardous waste generation node in the process flow,taking the most common"rotary kiln"as an example,there was a lack of design criteria in compatibility management,regional compatibility differences,and the lack of leading enterprises.After the center of gravity of the whole incineration treatment process was skewed,there was a lack of attention to the exhaust emission of the back-end incineration,with shortcomings in incineration fly ash treatment technology.It was suggested to improve the policy system,optimize the layout of incineration facilities,and encourage technological innovation.