重金属污染土壤修复固化/稳定化技术研究现状及存在问题分析

Status and existing problems of remediation and stabilization technology of heavy metal contaminated soil

重金属污染物可引起土壤结构、功能以及理化性质等的变化,导致其质量恶化,亟需解决重金属离子对土壤造成的污染问题。文章分析重金属的污染状况,归纳总结了重金属在土壤中的存在形态、转化及迁移路径。针对目前广泛研究的固化/稳定化修复技术,分析了该类技术对土壤中重金属污染物的修复机理和影响因素。结果表明:固化稳定化材料具有复杂的结构,但对其机理研究不充分,在修复土壤中的重金属离子时,只是改变其在土壤中的存在形式,无法完全去除;固化/稳定化技术往往会忽略修复后的长期有效性,缺乏对实际工程的实际应用和监测评估。未来土壤重金属固化/稳定化技术的发展方向为开发多种联合修复技术,以有效解决土壤污染的问题。

Heavy metal pollutants can cause changes in soil structure,function and physical and chemical properties,resulting in deterioration of soil quality.It is urgent to solve the problem of soil pollution caused by heavy metal ions.The pollution status of heavy metals was analyzed,and the existing forms,transformation and migration paths of heavy metals in soil were summarized.The mechanism and influencing factors of curing/stabilizing remediation techniques on heavy metal pollutants in soil were analyzed.The results showed that the solidified and stabilized material had a complex structure,but its mechanism was not fully studied.When repairing heavy metal ions in soil,they only changed their existing form in the soil and couldn't be completely removed.Solidification/stabilization techniques tended to ignore long-term effectiveness after repair and lacked practical application and monitoring evaluation of actual engineering.The future development direction of soil heavy metal solidification/stabilization technology is to develop a variety of combined remediation technologies to effectively solve the problem of soil pollution.