前列腺癌干细胞在治疗抵抗和肿瘤转移中的研究进展

Research progress on prostate cancer stem cells in tumor treatment resistance and metastasis

前列腺癌(PCa)被临床诊断时,大多已属晚期并发生远处转移。长期以来,雄激素剥夺疗法是治疗转移性激素敏感性前列腺癌的有效手段,但疗效有限,大多数患者最终会发展为去势抵抗性前列腺癌(CRPC),并发生远处转移。目前,CRPC的形成和转移机制尚未完全阐明。前列腺癌干细胞(PCSCs)是前列腺肿瘤异质性细胞亚群中的一个重要组成部分。虽然PCSCs的起源细胞存在争议,但是一定程度上能被部分标志物所识别。PCa的侵袭、转移与PCSCs的存在密切相关,由PCSCs诱导形成的CRPC也逐渐被学者关注。该文重点回顾PCSCs的特征和起源、相关标志物和信号通路,分析PCSCs在前列腺肿瘤放化疗抵抗性形成和肿瘤恶性发展中的研究进展,为CRPC的治疗提供新思路。

Prostate cancer(PCa),when diagnosed clinically,is mostly at the advanced stage with metastases.Androgen deprivation therapy has been used for a long-time as an effective means of treating metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer,but its efficacy is short-lived.Most patients eventually develop into castration-resistant prostate cancer(CRPC)with distant metastasis.Currently,the formation and metastatic mechanisms of CRPC have not been fully elucidated.Prostate cancer stem cells(PCSCs)are an important component of the heterogeneous cell subpopulations in prostate tumors.Although the origin cells of PCSCs are controversial,they can be partially identified by certain marker molecules.The invasion and metastasis of PCa are closely related to the presence of PCSCs,and CRPC induced by PCSCs has gradually attracted attention from physicians and scholars.This paper reviews the characteristics and origins of PCSCs,related marker molecules,and signaling pathways,focuses on research progress of PCSCs in the acquisition of resistance to radiotherapy and chemotherapy in prostate tumors treatment and the malignant progression to provide new ideas and strategies for the treatment of CRPC.