反应堆退役技术现状与展望

Status and Prospect of Reactor Decommissioning Technology

反应堆退役是需要重点关注的核设施退役工作之一。本文总结了全球反应堆退役情况;提出了广义的退役技术概念,构建了由退役管理及总体技术、退役专用技术和共性支撑技术构成的反应堆退役技术体系;对政策法规和标准、技术路线、工程管理等退役管理及总体技术进行了论述;对安全停闭、特性调查、去污、切割拆除拆毁、废物管理、退役终态管理等退役专项技术进行了分析;对数智化退役、辐射防护与监测等共性支撑技术进行了探讨。经综合分析论证展望了具体退役技术的发展方向和未来反应堆退役技术的发展趋势。

Reactor decommissioning is one of the nuclear facility decommissioning work that needs to be focused on.In this paper,the overall situation of global reactor decommissioning is analyzed.The concept of decommissioning technology in a broad sense is put forward,and a reactor decommissioning technology system consisting of decommissioning management and overall technology,decommissioning special technology and common support technology is constructed.The policies,regulations and standards,technical route,project management and other decommissioning management and overall technology are discussed.The special decommissioning technologies such as safe shutdown,characteristic investigation,decontamination,cutting and dismantling,waste management and final decommissioning management are analyzed.The common supporting technologies such as digitization and intellectualization,radiation protection and monitoring are discussed.After comprehensive analysis and demonstration,the development direction of specific decommissioning technology and the development trend of reactor decommissioning technology in the future are prospected.