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城市街区单元绿地空间格局与植物群落碳汇效益优化研究

Research on Spatial Pattern of Green Space in Urban Block Units and Optimization of Carbon Sink Benefits of Plant Communities
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摘要 【目的】目前城市绿地已经进入存量发展阶段,如何在城市有限绿地空间条件下实现“碳中和”目标,合理布局低碳绿地空间格局,科学配置植物群落以增加生物多样性,成为目前城市绿地碳汇效益研究的重点和难点。【方法】以西安市碑林区和沣西新城的城市绿地空间格局为研究对象,对研究区域内街区单元的绿地空间格局进行分析并分类,探索街区单元绿地空间格局与碳汇量化关系,并从平面布局和垂直结构两方面提出城市街区单元绿地碳汇效益的优化方法,并选取碳储量最低的单核心辐射型街区单元的3个绿地样方进行碳汇效益优化设计。【结果】总结出4种西安市典型城市街区单元绿地空间格局模式,明晰了碳储量分布特征以及绿地空间格局对碳储量的影响机制,提出了城市街区单元绿地空间格局碳汇效益优化方法,发现碳储量与斑块类型面积(CA)、景观形状指数(LSI)呈极显著正相关关系,与聚集度(AI)呈极显著负相关关系。各类绿地空间格局碳储量大小为多核心辐射型>散点分布型或廊道穿越型>单核心辐射型,建议在单核心辐射型街区单元优化中增加植物群落层次结构,并增加高固碳植物种类及数量,提升样方内年固碳量。【结论】从中观尺度讨论街区单元绿地空间格局与植物群落碳汇效益之间的关系,使城市中小尺度绿地发挥应有的生态系统服务功能,探索街区单元绿地空间格局的构成要素与设计方法,为低碳绿地设计提供参考,提升城市街区单元内社区生活圈的人居环境质量。 [Objective]Urban green space has entered the stage of stock development which can be interpreted as a rational“efficiency enhancement”of the existing built-up areas that focuses on the stock of spatial resources and is based on the comprehensive upgrading of urban quality.Greenhouse gas emissions,led by carbon dioxide,have already caused problems such as the urban heat island effect.Whereas urban green spaces,as an important part of urban ecosystems,are the key to sequestering carbon and releasing oxygen.In a word,how to achieve carbon neutrality,namely offsetting carbon dioxide or greenhouse gases emitted,under the condition of limited urban green space by means of afforestation,energy saving and emission reduction,rationally design the lowcarbon spatial pattern of green space,and scientifically allocate plant communities to increase biodiversity while balancing plant carbon sequestration has become the focus and difficulty of the current research on the carbon sink benefits of urban green space.[Methods]First,this research focuses on northwest China,and takes the spatial pattern of urban green space in Beilin District and Fengxi New City in Xi'an as the research object.Second,the research analyses the spatial pattern of green space and the distribution characteristics of carbon stock in block units within the research area by normalized difference vegetation index(NDVI)and SPSS,and classifies the spatial pattern of green space.Third,the research explores the relationship between the spatial pattern of green space in block units and the quantification of carbon sinks,and then summarizes the distribution characteristics of carbon sinks in the spatial pattern of green spaces in typical block units.Fourth,the research proposes an optimization method which can enhance the carbon sink benefits of green space in urban block units from the two aspects of planar layout and vertical structure.Finally,the plant configurations of three types of green space quadrats,namely leisure green space at park entrance,recreational and ornamental park green space,and green space along park roads in the block units with the lowest carbon stock are selected for optimized design of carbon sink enhancement.[Results]This research finds that carbon stock,which refers to the amount of carbon stored in a particular ecosystem,has a highly significant positive correlation with the class area(CA)and the landscape shape index(LSI),while a highly significant negative correlation with the aggregation index(AI).And factors such as the CA of green space patches,the percent of landscape(PLAND),and the number patches(NP),especially those with complex edges all affect the carbon stocks of urban green spaces.For example,the larger the CA and the PLAND,the larger the carbon stock;the larger the number of patches with complex edges,the more obvious the“edge effect”and the higher the efficiency of carbon storage;when the number of patches within the urban block units is small while the area is large,the AI will be relatively high,as represented by the single-core radiating green space pattern,where the largesized green spaces are less effective in terms of carbon storage compared to the small-and medium-sized green spaces with the same area distribution.The carbon stocks of green spaces with the following four types of spatial patterns can be ranked as follows:Multi-core radial type>scattered distribution&corridor traversing type>single-core radial type,and the total annual carbon sequestration of green space within the three green space quadrats above can be improved by optimizing the vertical structure of the single-core radial block unit quadrat,which has the lowest carbon stocks among the three types of quadrats.[Conclusion]Firstly,the research summarizes four typical spatial patterns of green spaces within urban block units in Xi'an,which are respectively the multicore radial type,scattered distribution type,corridor traversing type and singlecore radial type,and summarizes the design process of“quantitative analysis of spatial pattern of green space and urban carbon stocks in urban block units–optimized design of key patch corridors for carbon sink enhancement–optimized design of plant communities in block unit quadrats for carbon sink enhancement–design patterns of plant communities with high carbon sequestration”.Secondly,the research clarifies the distribution characteristics of carbon stock and the influence mechanism of the spatial pattern of green space on carbon stock.Finally,the research proposes methods to optimize the carbon sink benefits of green spaces in urban block units from the two aspects of planar layout and vertical structure,with a view to providing reference for the design of low-carbon green space.
作者 王晶懋 王一凡 张涛 范李一璇 孙婷 WANG Jingmao;WANG Yifan;ZHANG Tao;FAN Liyixuan;SUN Ting(College of Architecture,Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology;School of Landscape Architecture,Beijing Forestry University)
出处 《风景园林》 北大核心 2024年第6期37-45,共9页 Landscape Architecture
基金 国家自然科学基金“低碳导向的健康舒适室内环境控制理论与方法”(编号52394223) 陕西省自然科学基金一般项目“关中地区城市社区绿地碳汇提质增效与健康公平协同设计方法研究”(编号2023-JC-QN-0525) 西安建筑科技大学交叉研究培育专项“基于生态系统服务的西安地区城市绿色空间低碳景观提质增效研究”(编号X20220079) 渭南市海绵城市建设专题研究服务项目“西部黄土台源地区典型海绵设施适宜性植物选型及景观配置研究”(编号20230759)。
关键词 城市街区单元 绿地空间格局 景观格局指数 碳储量 碳汇效益 植物群落设计 陕西西安 urban block unit green space spatial pattern landscape pattern index carbon stock carbon sink benefits plant community design Xi’an,Shaanxi Province
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