信念如何解决荀子道德动力问题

How Does Belief Solve the Problem of Moral Motivation in Xunzi

引入西方行为哲学的研究成果,以信念为核心说明道德动力问题,是近年来荀子研究的一个重要进步。信念可以分解为“信”和“愿”两个部分。“信”与认知相关,指对道的认识,重点在真。“愿”与情感相关,指乐意行善,重点在心甘情愿。荀子重视“信”,重视认知,但对“愿”过于乐观,理解不透,“信”与“愿”有一间之隔,致使其学说有道德无力之弊。以为“信”自然能够派生“愿”,只要加强认知,给足行动的主观理由和客观理由,就可以解决道德动力问题的想法,尚有进一步讨论的空间。儒家生生伦理学以三分法为基础,将“信”纳入智性范畴,将“愿”纳入仁性范畴。智性是认知,可以认识道,信任道,达到真。仁性是伦理心境,伦理心境有先在性,决定人本身就有道德的要求,自愿行善。如是,信念才能真正落实,由知到行才有充足动能,荀子道德动力问题才能得到解决。

In recent years,introducing the research results of Western behavioral philosophy to explain the problem of moral motivation with belief as the core is an important progress in Xunzi’s research.Belief can be broken down into two parts:“believing”and“willing”.“Believing”is related to cognition,which refers to the recognition of the Dao,focusing on truth.“Willing”is related to emotion and refers to the willingness to do good works,focusing on willingness.Xunzi attaches importance to“believing”and cognition,but he is too optimistic about“willing”and does not understand it well.There is a certain difference between“believing”and“willing”,which makes his doctrine lack of moral motivation.The idea that“believing”can naturally give rise to“willing”,and that as long as the cognition is strengthened and sufficient subjective and objective reasons for action are provided,the problem of moral motivation can be solved,still requires further discussion.Shengsheng Ethics of Confucianism is based on trichotomy,which puts“believing”into the category of Zhixing and“willing”into the category of Renxing.Zhixing is cognition,which allows one to recognize the Tao,believe in the Tao,and attain truth.Renxing is the ethics,which is prior and determines that people themselves have moral requirements and are willing to do good.In this way,belief can be truly realized,and there is sufficient kinetic energy to transfer cognition into action,so that Xunzi’s problem of lacking moral motivation can be solved.