高等职业技术教育机构类型分化:国际历史考察、趋势分析与实践启示

Typological Differentiation of Higher Vocational and Technical Educational Institutions:International Historical Observation,Trend Analysis,and Practical Implications

高等职业技术教育机构是现代高等教育体系的重要组成部分,是培养高层次技术技能人才的主要组织形式。对高等职业技术教育机构在高等教育体系中类型分化的国际历史进行考察,可见其作为行业法人团体、专门职业学校、应用技术院校与非大学高等教育机构的组织形式,并与普通学术教育机构共同发展的历程。在分化过程中,高等职业技术教育机构出现了教学活动专业化、职普制度协同化和科学研究融合化的趋势。基于国际历史考察与发展趋势分析,启示我国高等职业技术教育机构要进一步强化专业教师队伍建设,探索职普融通的制度体系,深化机构的研究职能。

Vocational and technical education institutions are an important part of the modern higher education system and the main form of organization for training high-level technical and skilled personnel.An inspection of the international historical process of the typological differentiation of vocational and technical education institutions in the higher education system reveals their historical organi-zational form as corporates,specialized vocational schools,colleges of applied technology,and non-university higher education insti-tutions.In addition,the inspection also shows their co-evolution with general academic education institutions.In the process of differ-entiation,higher vocational and technical education institutions have seen a trend towards specialisation of teaching activities,syner-gisation of the general and vocational education systems,and integration of scientific research.Based on international historical re-search and analysis of development trends,the higher vocational and technical education institutions in China have been inspired to re-inforce the teaching staffs,explorethe institutional system for the integration of general education and vocational education,and deepen the institutional function of scientific research.