急诊重症监护室血流感染患者临床结局的风险因子探讨

Investigation on risk factors for clinical outcomes of patients with bloodstream infections in the emergency intensive care unit

目的探讨急诊重症监护室(emergency intensive care unit,EICU)血流感染患者临床结局的风险因子,为临床决策提供依据。方法回顾性收集2019年1月至2023年4月我院就诊的141例EICU血流感染患者的病历资料及血培养记录,采用Logistic回归分析患者死亡的危险因素,运用Cox回归分析上述因素与患者生存时间和临床结局的关系。结果在141例EICU血流感染患者中,两种及以上细菌混合血流感染[比值比(OR)=5.68,95%置信区间(CI):1.20~26.98,P<0.05]及多重耐药菌血流感染(OR=6.39,95%CI:2.78~14.67,P<0.01)与患者死亡具有显著相关性;是否根据药敏结果及时调整用药[风险比(HR)=0.47,95%CI:0.30~0.74]和多重耐药菌血流感染(HR=2.02,95%CI:1.28~3.20)是EICU血流感染患者死亡的风险因子(P<0.01)。结论尽早采集血培养,明确感染病原菌,精准用药控制感染,可以有效降低患者的死亡率。

Objective To investigate the risk factors for the clinical outcomes of patients with bloodstream infections in emergency intensive care unit(EICU)and provide a basis for clinical treatment.Methods The medical records and blood culture records of 141 patients with bloodstream infections in the EICU of our hospital from January 2019 to April 2023 were retrospectively collected.The risk factors leading to patients′death were analyzed by the Logistic regression and the relationships between these factors and patients′survival time and outcomes were evaluated by the Cox regression.Results Among the 141 patients with bloodstream infections in the EICU,the mixed bloodstream infections of two or more bacteria(odds ratio[OR]=5.68,95%confidence interval[CI]:1.20-26.98,P<0.05)and bloodstream infections of multidrug-resistant bacteria(OR=6.39,95%CI:2.78-14.67,P<0.01)were significantly correlated with the patients′death.Whether to adjust medication in a timely manner based on drug sensitivity results(hazard ratio[HR]=0.47,95%CI:0.30-0.74)and bloodstream infections of multidrug-resistant bacteria(HR=2.02,95%CI:1.28-3.20)were the risk factors leading to the death of patients with bloodstream infections in the EICU(P<0.01).Conclusion Early blood culture to identify the pathogenic bacteria and precise medication to control infection can effectively reduce the mortality of patients with bloodstream infections in the EICU.